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Flashcards in Chapter 10 Deck (24)
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1
Q

what did Mendel do different then anyone else?

A

actually counted the number and types of offspring

2
Q

Why did Mendel used peas?

A
  • Many varieties were available
  • Mendel had an ideal what would happen
  • peas are easy to grow, produce a lot of offspring and mature fast
  • The pea’s reproductive organisms are in side the flower making it easy Mendel to cross the peas he wanted
3
Q

what did Mendel find out when crossing two contrasting traits?

A

that one trait was dominant and the other was repressive

4
Q

are all traits transmitted directly to the offspring?

A

no, not all traits are transmitted directly to the offspring. these are called genes

5
Q

what is a homozygous gene?

A

A gene composed of two identical alleles (e.g., both dominant)

6
Q

what is a heterozygous gene?

A

A gene composed of two different alleles (a dominant and a recessive).

7
Q

what is an allele?

A

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

8
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the appearance of an individual organism

9
Q

what is a genotype?

A

the genetic arrangement of an individual organism

10
Q

what is the point of the punnet square?

A

to help predict the offspring’s genotype from any generation

11
Q

what is a dihybrid?

A

a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes.

12
Q

What is a monohybrid?

A

a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene

13
Q

what is continuous variation?

A

the different variation of hight

14
Q

what is pleiotropic effects?

A

individual allele has more then one effect on the phenotype

15
Q

what is incomplete dominance

A

heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between parents

16
Q

what is environmental effects?

A

alleles are expressed depends on the environment

17
Q

what is co-dominance

A

the effect of both alleles that are expresses (eg. the roan color)

18
Q

what is another name for a family tree

A

pedigree

19
Q

what is a non-dis-junction

A

the failure of chromosomes to separate

20
Q

what is aneuploidy?

A

an abnormal number of chromosomes this can lead to autism

21
Q

what is monosomic?

A

lost one copy of an autosome

22
Q

what is trisomic?

A

gained one autosome

23
Q

what is klinefelter?

A

sterile male with female body characteristics

this is located on the y chromosome

24
Q

what is turner syndrome?

A

sterile female short, webbed necked, and immature sex organs