Chapter 10

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm

Question 2

Direct Aggression

Answer 2

Any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically present.

Question 3

Indirect Aggression

Answer 3

Any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent

Question 4

Reactive Aggression

Answer 4

“Hot”, impulsive, angry behavior that is motivated by a desire to harm someone

Question 5

Proactive Aggression

Answer 5

“Cold”, premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end.

Question 6

Violence

Answer 6

Aggression that has as its goal extreme physical harm, such as injury or death.

Question 7

Instinct

Answer 7

An innate (inborn, biologically programmed) tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, sex.

Question 8

Eros

Answer 8

in freudian theory, the constructive, live-giving instinct

Question 9

Thantos

Answer 9

In Freudian theory, the destructive, death instinct

Question 10

Modeling

Answer 10

observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others

Question 11

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 11

proposal that “occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration, “and “the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression”

Question 12

Frustration

Answer 12

blockage of or interference with a personal goal

Question 13

Hostile Attribution Bias

Answer 13

The tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive

Question 14

Hostile Perception Bias

Answer 14

The tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive

Question 15

Hostile Expectation Bias

Answer 15

The tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression

Question 16

Fight or Flight Syndrome

Answer 16

a response to stress that involves aggressing against others or running away

Question 17

Tend and Bend Syndrome

Answer 17

a response to stress that involves nurturing others and making friends

Question 18

Domestic Violence

Answer 18

Violence that occurs within the home or family, between people who have a close relationship with one another

Question 19

Weapons Effect

Answer 19

the increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presence of a weapon

Question 20

Testoserone

Answer 20

the male sex hormone, high levels have been linked to aggression in both animals and humans.

Question 21

Serotonin

Answer 21

the “feel good” neurotransmitter, low levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans.

Question 22

Running Amok

Answer 22

according to Malaysian culture, refers to behaviors of a young man who becomes uncontrollable violence after having a blow to his ego

Question 23

Culture of Honor

Answer 23

a society that places higher value on individual respect, strength, and virtue, and accepts and justifies violence action in response to threats to ones honor.

Question 24

Humiliation

Answer 24

a state of disgrace or loss of self-respect or respect from others

Question 25

Deindividuation

Answer 25

a sense of anonymity and loss of individuality, as in a large group, making people especially likely to engage in antisocial behaviors such as theft.

Question 26

Injunctive Norms

Answer 26

norms that specify what most others approve or dissaprove of

Question 27

Descriptive Norms

Answer 27

norms that specify what most people do