Chapter 9

Question 0

Antisocial behavior

Answer 0

Doing something bad for others or for society; antisocial behaviors usually destroy relationships.

Question 1

Prosocial behavior

Answer 1

Prosocial behavior is doing something that is good for other people or society as a whole.

Question 2

Rule of law

Answer 2

When members of a society respect and follow its rules.

Question 3

Reciprocity

Answer 3

The obligation to return in mind what another has done for us.

Question 4

Norms

Answer 4

Standards established by society to tell its members what types of behavior are typical of expected

Question 5

Equity

Answer 5

The idea that each person receives benefits in proportion to what he or she contributes.

Question 6

Equality

Answer 6

The idea that everyone gets the same amount, regardless of what he or she contributes.

Question 7

Sensitivity about being target of a threatening upward comparison

Answer 7

Interpersonal concern about the consequences of outperforming others. Or being scared that someone is mad you outbeat them

Question 8

Under benefited

Answer 8

Getting was than you deserve

Question 9

Over benefited

Answer 9

Getting more than you deserve

Question 10

Survivor guilt

Answer 10

Feeling bad for having lived through an experience where other people died.

Question 11

Cooperation

Answer 11

When each person does his or her part and together they work towards a common goals

Question 12

Prisoners dilemma

Answer 12

A game that forces people to choose between cooperation and competition

Question 13

Non-zero-sum game

Answer 13

An interaction in which both participants can win or lose

Question 14

zero-sum game

Answer 14

A situation in which one persons gains is another’s loss.

Question 15

forgiveness

Answer 15

Ceasing to feel angry toward or seek retribution against someone who has wronged you.

Question 16

Obedience

Answer 16

Following orders from an authority figure

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

Going along with the crowd

Question 18

Kim selection

Answer 18

The evolutionary tendency to help people who have our genes

Question 19

Egoistic helping

Answer 19

When a helper seeks to increase his or her owns welfare by helping another

Question 20

Altruistic helping

Answer 20

When a helper seeks to increase another’s welfare and expects nothing in return

Question 21

Empathy

Answer 21

Reacting to another persons emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state

Question 22

Empathy- altruism hypothesis

Answer 22

The idea that empathy motivates people to reduce other peoples distress, as by helping or comforting

Question 23

Empathy- specific reward hypothesis

Answer 23

The idea that empathy triggers the fear of social punishment (guilt, shame) that can be avoided by helping.

Question 24

Negative state relief hypothesis

Answer 24

The idea that people help others in order to relieve their own distress

Question 25

Belief in a just world

Answer 25

The assumption that life is essential fair, that people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Question 26

Bystander effect

Answer 26

The finding that people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when they are alone.

Question 27

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 27

Looking to others for cues about how to behave, while they are looking to you, collective misinterpretation. Looking for help from someone but they are looking for help from you too but in reality neither of you know anything

Question 28

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 28

The reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present Feeling like your responsibility is lessened when more people are involved

Question 29

Audience inhibition

Answer 29

Failure to help infront of others for fear of feeling like a fool is ones offer of help is rejected

Question 30

Volunteering

Answer 30

A planned, long term, non impulsive decision to help others.