Chapter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

A

Crop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain

A

Agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

A

Agricultural revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

A

Commercial agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family

A

Subsistence agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A grass that yields grain for food

A

Cereal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Seed of a cereal grass

A

Grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories

A

Dietary energy consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

A

Food security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

A

Pastoral nomadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

A

Transhumance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

A

Pasture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

A

Slash-and-burn agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period

A

Shifting cultivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

A

Swidden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

A

Intensive subsistence agriculture

16
Q

Rice planted on a dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

A

Wet rice

17
Q

A flooded field for growing rice

A

Sawah (paddy)

18
Q

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

A

Double cropping

19
Q

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

A

Crop rotation

20
Q

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale

A

Plantation

21
Q

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

A

Agribusiness

22
Q

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning “bartering” or “exchange of commodities”

A

Truck farming

23
Q

The area surrounding of a city from which milk supplied

A

Milkshed

24
Q

Wheat planted in the in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

A

Winter wheat

25
Q

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in late summer

A

Spring wheat

26
Q

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

A

Reaper

27
Q

Machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

A

Combine

28
Q

The growing of fruits vegetables and flowers

A

Horticulture

29
Q

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

A

Ranching

30
Q

Degration of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semi arid land degradation.

A

Desertification

31
Q

Most productive farmland

A

Prime agricultural land

32
Q

Cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

A

Aquaculture

33
Q

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield the seeds and fertilizers

A

Green revolution

34
Q

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

A

Sustainable agriculture

35
Q

Really important because it helped the generations today

A

Plant/animal domestication

36
Q

Low follow ratio and higher use of inputs such as capital and labor per unit land area

A

Intensive agriculture

37
Q

Uses small inputs of labor fertilizers and capital, relative to the land area being farmed

A

Extensive agriculture