unit 2 part 1 vocab Flashcards
(27 cards)
demography
the study of population characteristics
overpopulation
a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a standard of living
ecumene
the portion of earths surface occupied by permeant earth settlement
census
a complete enumeration of a population
population distribution
patterns of where people live
arithmetic population density
the total number of people divided by the total land area
physiological population density
the number of people per unit of area of arable land , which is land suitable for agriculture
agricultural density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
crude birth rate
total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society
crude death rate
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society
natural increase rate
% of growth of a population in a year, crude birth rate - crude death rate
doubling time
number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase
total fertility rate
average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
life expectancy
average number of years of years an individual can be expected to live
population pyramid
a bar graph that represents distribution of population by age and sex
dependency ratio
number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in labor force
sex ratio
number of males per 100 females in population
demographic transition model
process of change in a societies population
agricultural revolution
the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
industrial revolution
a series of improvements in industrial technology that transferred the process of manufactured goods
medical revolution
improved medical technology and practices
zero population growth
decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
linear growth
grows by same in each time step
exponential growth
rate becomes more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size
