Chapter 10

Question 0

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 0

Small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts

Question 1

Apocrine glands

Answer 1

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat

Question 2

Barrier function

Answer 2

Protective barrier of the epidermis the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

Question 3

Ceremides

Answer 3

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skins intercellular matrix and barrier function

Question 4

Collagen

Answer 4

Fibrous connective tissue made from protein found in the reticular layer of the dermis, gives skin it’s firmness. Topically a large long chain molecular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water.

Question 5

Corneocytes

Answer 5

Another name for stratum corneum cell. Hardened waterproof protective keratinocytes, these dead protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei

Question 6

Dermal papillae

Answer 6

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to the skin and follicles

Question 7

Dermis

Answer 7

Also known as derma Corium cutis or true skin support layer of connective tissue collagen and elastin below the epidermis

Question 8

Desmosomes

Answer 8

The structures that assist in holding cells together intercellular connections made of proteins

Question 9

Eccrine glands

Answer 9

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skins surface through pores not attached to the hair follicles

Question 10

Elastin

Answer 10

Protein fiber found in the dermis gives skin it’s elasticity and firmness

Question 11

Epidermal growth factor

Answer 11

Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

Question 12

Epidermis

Answer 12

Outermost layer of the skin

Question 13

Eumelanin

Answer 13

A type or melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark colored skin mostly produce eumelanin.

Question 14

Fibroblasts

Answer 14

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen and amino acids that form proteins.

Question 15

Follicles

Answer 15

Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like openings in the epidermis

Question 16

Glycation

Answer 16

Caused by elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged nonfunctioning structures known as advanced glycation

Question 17

Hair papillae

Answer 17

Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

Question 18

Hyluronic acid

Answer 18

Hydrating fluids found in the skin hydrophilic agent with water binding properties

Question 19

Hydrolipidic

Answer 19

Hydrolipidic film is an oil water balance that protects the skins surface

Question 20

Intercellular matrix

Answer 20

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

Question 21

Keratin

Answer 21

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principle component of skin hair and nails provides resiliency and protection

Question 22

Keratinocytes

Answer 22

Epidermal cells composed of keratin lipids and other proteins

Question 23

Langerhans immune cells

Answer 23

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders such as bacteria and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system

Question 24

Leukocytes

Answer 24

White blood cells that have no enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies

Question 25

Lymph vessels

Answer 25

Located in the dermis these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste

Question 26

Melanin

Answer 26

Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum later of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis.

Question 27

Melanocytes

Answer 27

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

Question 28

Melanosomes

Answer 28

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin a complex protein

Question 29

Papillary layer

Answer 29

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis

Question 30

Pheomelanin

Answer 30

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. People with light colored skin mostly produce pheomelwnin. There are two types of melanin. The other is eumelanin

Question 31

Pores

Answer 31

Tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis

Question 32

Reticular layer

Answer 32

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

Question 33

Rosacea

Answer 33

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing

Question 34

Sebaceous glands

Answer 34

Protect the surface of the skin

Question 35

Sebum

Answer 35

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair

Question 36

Stratum corneum

Answer 36

Outermost layer of the epidermis

Question 37

Stratum germinativum

Answer 37

Active layer of the epidermis above the papillary later of the dermis.

Question 38

Stratum granulosm

Answer 38

Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules

Question 39

Stratum lucidum

Answer 39

Clear transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 40

Stratum spinosum

Answer 40

Layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes then intercellular connections made of proteins

Question 41

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 41

Subcutaneous adipose tissue located beneath the dermis a protective cushion and energy storage for the body

Question 42

Subcutis tissue

Answer 42

Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body contains fat for use as energy and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin

Question 43

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 43

Also known as sweat glands excrete perspiration regulate body temperature and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Question 44

T cells

Answer 44

Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response.

Question 45

Telangiectasia

Answer 45

Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels commonly couperose skin

Question 46

Transepidermal water loss

Answer 46

Water loss causes by evaporation on the skins surface

Question 47

Tyrosinae

Answer 47

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and this produces melanin

Question 48

UVA radiation

Answer 48

Known as aging rays. Longer wavelengths ranging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB cause genetic damage and cell death

Question 49

UVB radiation

Answer 49

Also known as burning ray's UVB wavelengths range between 290 and 320 nanometers.