Chapter 10

Question 1

Probation

Answer 1

offender serves times in community under supervision

-alternative to incarceration

Question 2

Parole

Answer 2

period of early release for prison inmate

Question 3

Probation organization serve what dual role?

Answer 3

• protection of public safety

- rehabilitation (treatment)

Question 4

Probation judicial or executive?

Answer 4

• discretion
  - executive: state (similar to police )—– more on protection
  - judicial: controlled by the judge—— more on treatment

Question 5

Parole is what kind of act?

What dual roles does parole serve?

Answer 5

an act of administration

-Parole usually administered under the state department of Corrections (executive)

Parole dual roles

    - supervision
    - rehabilitation

Question 6

What are the two types of parole and probation conditions?

Example?

Answer 6

1. ) Reform conditions
2. ) Control conditions

Examples?

    - Work regularly
    - support dependents
    - submit to drug testing

Question 7

Caseloads and crime research

Answer 7

Researchers have looked at this relationship at both the micro- and macro- level

The result?

    - negative findings in micro-level studies (caseload has no effect on crime)
    - positive findings at macro-level studies (caseload does effect crime)

Question 8

Are parolees equipped to reenter society?

Answer 8

No, because:

    - treatment needs not met
    - employers hesitant to hire (or barred from hiring) parolees
            - attempts to help this:
                    - "ban the box" ---- get rid of box for previous felonies on job applications 
    - Rights stripped away
            - can't vote
            - grounds for divorce
            - cannot read any government benefits 
            - depends on where they live

Question 9

Consequences of prisoner reentry

Answer 9

Employment issues
Family break-ups from prison
-abusive parent incarceration has a positive influence on child
-a parent close to there child in prison has adverse effects on child

Community effects
-find new ways to commit a crime

Health problems

    - generally have more health problems then rest of society
    - HIV

Question 10

Improving probation and parole

Answer 10

Carefully supervise the most dangerous offenders

Deliver quality treatment

Identify and respond quickly to violations

Establish credible intermediate sanctions

Adopt community-centered approach

Question 11

Project Hope in Hawaii

Answer 11

• drug treatment program
  - did not pass a random drug test go straight to jail for 1-2 nights
  - responding immediately
  - after failing 1-2 tests offenders were clean

Question 12

Boston’s reentry initiative

Answer 12

• Goal: reduce recidivism among recently released high-risk violent offenders
  - Mentoring, social services, and vocational development
  - starts in jail and continues once they are out
  - Participants 30% vs 50% less likely to be arrested for new violent crime

Question 13

Intermediate Sanctions

Answer 13

Sanctions that are more punitive than traditional probation but less punitive than prison

Relatively new

Intended to improve on traditional community corrections

Question 14

The net widening problem

-political risk aversion?

Answer 14

More and more people are being put under some form of social control

    - too much control over you---- rebel
    - labeling 
    - surrounded by people who are higher risk offenders can make you a worse offender

Political risk aversion: throw more programs at the issue

Question 15

Community restraints in offenders?

Answer 15

community restricts the mobility of known offenders

Question 16

ISP + treatment

Answer 16

• reduced probation caseload in evidence- based setting program
  - RNR principles: Risk, Needs, and Responsivity
  - risk— the amount of treatment needed along with resources
  - Needs—- all have different needs and different things that we are lacking
  - employment
  - criminalcengic need (self- esteem needed but does not fit in this category)
  - Resonsivity— take in individual traits to maximize the benefits ( better learning by listening, or drawing, etc.)

Question 17

Home confinement and electronical monitoring
Research?
Difference between offenders?

Answer 17

Presumably minimize damaging effects on prison

What does the research show

    - most has been concerned with whether offenders complete programs successfully 
    - one study shows that electronic monitoring for parolees is ineffective for most offenders

Difference between offenders
-not all offenders the same

Question 18

Structure and discipline

Answer 18

The most common method is boot camp

Most research shows that boot camps are ineffective

Some studies show

    - longer participation matters
    - staff commitment matter 
    - treatment matters

Question 19

Hybrid intermediate sanctions

Examples?

Answer 19

Combine traditional community corrections strategies with harsher— or less-serious—-sanctions

Shock probation
Halfway houses
Day reporting ** (read in book)
Foster and group homes ** (read in book)

Question 20

Scared straight

Does it work?

Answer 20

Variety of attempts to deter young offenders and at-risk individuals from committing crime

Some researchers argue that it might actually increase delinquency
-generally no affect

DOES IT WORK?
Evidence for intermediate sanctions is either mixed or unsupportive

Question 21

Community corrections

Answer 21

Probation and parole are in need of rehabilitation

Tension between supervision and treatment goals

Solutions to improve it have had mixed results

Question 22

Promising avenues for intermediate sanctions

Answer 22

• GPS monitoring

- Treatment