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Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the #1 problem that the new nation faced?

A

financial situation/ debt

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2
Q

Who was the first choice for president?

A

George Washington

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3
Q

Who was the Secretary of State?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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4
Q

Who was the Secretary of the Treasury?

A

Alexander Hamilton

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5
Q

Who was the Secretary of War?

A

Henry Knox

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6
Q

What is the 1st Amendment?

A

Freedom of religion, speech, press, right to peaceful assemble and petition.

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7
Q

What is the 2nd Amendment?

A

Right to bear arms.

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8
Q

What is the 3rd Amendment?

A

Protection from quartering soldiers in homes.

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9
Q

What is the 4th Amendment?

A

Protection from searches or seizures without a warrant.

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10
Q

What is the 5th Amendment?

A

Right to not testify against one’s self and protection from double jeopardy.

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11
Q

What is the 6th Amendment?

A

Guarantee of a proper trial.

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12
Q

What is the 7th Amendment?

A

Guarantee of a jury trial.

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13
Q

What is the 8th Amendment?

A

Protection from excessive bail or fines.

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14
Q

What is the 9th Amendment?

A

Statement that people have rights that are not even listed here. (The “People’s Rights Amendment).

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15
Q

What is the 10th Amendment?

A

Statement that any power not granted in the Constitution is left to the states. (The “State’s Rights Amendment).

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16
Q

What act was set up by Congress and President Washington to compete the 3 branches of the government by setting up the Supreme Court and the Federal Court System?

A

Judiciary Act of 1789

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17
Q

Who was the first Supreme Court Chief Justice?

A

John Jay

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18
Q

What was Hamilton’s 4- part plan?

A

Pay off all debts in full, a tariff (tax on imports), a tax on whiskey, a national bank

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19
Q

What is funding at par mean?

A

Paying debts in full

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20
Q

What is assumption?

A

The federal government would assume the states’ debts

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21
Q

What was Hamilton’s reason for funding at par?

A

The government would gain respect

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22
Q

What was Hamilton’s reason for assuming the states debts?

A

To tie the states together in a common goal- to jointly pay off the debt

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23
Q

What state favored the assumption idea? What state didn’t agree? Why?

A

Massachusetts liked it because of their huge debt. Virginia disliked it because they had a small debt

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24
Q

What was the compromise for the assumption idea?

Study These Flashcards
A

Massachusetts would get the assumption clause passed. Virginia would have the new nation capital on the Potomac River- Washington D.C.

25
What was Hamilton's reason for the National Bank?
to stabilize the economy
26
What were the purposes of the national bank?
store government money, lend to businesses, and print money (thus stabilizing the currency)
27
What was Thomas Jefferson's view of the Constitution? What was this called?
He felt whatever is not permitted in the constitution is prohibited; This is called strict interpretation
28
What was Alexander Hamilton's view on the Constitution? What was this called?
He felt whatever is not prohibited in the Constitution is permitted; This was called "Loose Interpretation"
29
What is the "elastic clause" of Congress?
The Congress has the power to do whatever is necessary and proper to carry out its appointed duties.
30
What is another name for the "elastic clause" of Congress?
the "Necessary and Proper" clause
31
What was started in 1791 with a charter good for 20 years?
The Bank of the United States
32
What violence broke out in 1794 in frontier Pennsylvania?
the Whiskey Rebellion
33
What lesson came of the whiskey rebellion when President Washington crushed the revolt?
the new government was strong
34
What was the unexpected side effect of Hamilton's policies?
the creation of the two-political party system
35
What were the two initial political parties?
the Democratic Republicans/ Jeffersonians and the Federalists/ Hamiltonians
36
What side did the Jeffersonians think the U.S. should side with in the French Revolution? What about the Hamiltonians?
Jeffersonians said the U.S should side with France; the Hamiltonians said the U.S. should side with England
37
What President Washington decide America would do during the French Revolution? What did this decision illustrate?
America would stay neutral; It illustrated the emerging American policy of acting in self-interest
38
What was President Washington's speech called that urged America's neutral position in 1793?
The "Neutrality Proclamation"
39
Though America was neutral during the French Revolution, which political party considered it a victory?
the Hamiltonians/ Federalists
40
Which French citizen came to Charleston, SC foolishly thinking Americans would overturn the neutrality or government?
Citizen Edmond Genêt
41
At what battle were the Indians defeated in August of 1794?
Battle of Fallen Timbers
42
Who led his army to defeat the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?
General "Mad" Anthony Wayne
43
Which treaty did the Indians sign that surrendered much of the Ohio Valley?
Treaty of Grenville
44
What is impressed mean?
kidnapped
45
What treaty was signed to try to smooth things over in England with America in 1794?
"Jay's Treaty"
46
What were the results of "Jay's Treaty?"
The US would pay off its debts to England from pre-revolution days, British would leave the American frontier posts, England said they'd pay for damages during impressment, war was avoided
47
Which treaty was signed with Spain that gave the right to travel down and out the Mississippi River and the disputed area of Florida
Pinckney Treaty (1795)
48
What two things did President Washington warn in his farewell address?
To avoid political parties and avoid "permanent alliances"
49
What was the event in which undercover French agents offered the U.S. delegates a deal in which they could speak with Talleyrand for an apology from President Adams, gave France a loan, and gave the men a bribe?
XYZ affair
50
What said the Franco- American Alliance was over and Americans had to pay damages to French shippers?
Convention of 1800
51
What set of acts made it tougher for immigrants to come to the U.S. and become citizens?
Alien Acts
52
How did the alien acts make it tougher for immigrants to come to the U.S.?
It raised the residency requirement from 5 to 14 years, and the president was authorized to deport foreigners deemed troublemakers
53
What act limited speech and writings of critics of the government?
The Sedition Act
54
What did Thomas Jefferson and James Madison write in response to the Alien and Sedition acts?
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
55
What said the federal government had overstepped the authority that the states had awarded when it passed the Alien and Sedition acts?
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
56
What were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions built on that said the 13 states had entered a contract when they formed the federal government to abide by federal laws that the states approved?
"compact theory" (also called the "states' rights theory" or "nullification")
57
Who were the Federalists supported by?
The upper classes
58
Who were the Democratic-Republicans supported by?
The poor and common classes

apush (12 decks)

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