Chapter 10

Question 1

What number does US rank in the world per-pupil spending?

Answer 1

4th

Question 2

In what 2 subjects is the US lower than other countries in ?

Answer 2

Math and Reading

Question 3

15 year old americans are in what zone in reading? in math? falling behind which two countries?

Answer 3

middle zone for reading. low/bottom in math. Estonia and Solvenia.

Question 4

What are the biggest language changes?

Answer 4

Semantics and Pragmatics

Question 5

what is metalinguistic ability?

Answer 5

ability to think about language.

Question 6

what skills do children have to have in order to draw and write at this age?

Answer 6

fine motor skills/ gross motor skills?

Question 7

what becomes increasingly important and what continues to develop?

Answer 7

peers become important. theory of mind continues to develop.

Question 8

At what age is metalinguistic ability fully achieved.

Answer 8

7-8 years old

Question 9

what is a noun/ noun phrase?

Answer 9

noun: person, place, think or idea noun phrase: a sentence role filled both people and objects.

Question 10

At what age do children become better at using pronouns appropriately?

Answer 10

6 years old

Question 11

What are noun reflexives?

Answer 11

“himself, herself” begin to use at 6 years old.

Question 12

What are mass nouns?

Answer 12

Homogenous, non-individualized substances EX: water, sand , air

Question 13

What are count nouns?

Answer 13

heterogenous, individualized substance. EX: tomato, pencil

Question 14

Are verb phrases harder or easier than noun phrases?

Answer 14

harder

Question 15

At what age should irregular verbs be achieved?

Answer 15

8 years old. irregular verbs develop slowly. EX: caught, slid, blew

Question 16

Sentences become what?

Answer 16

longer and more sophisticated- more varied

Question 17

At what age do children begin to understand passive sentences?

Answer 17

5 years old.

Question 18

____% of __-__ years old produce full passive sentences.

Answer 18

80% of 7.5-8 years old.

Question 19

Complex sentences have what?

Answer 19

independent and dependent clause. EX: WE WILL GO TO THE MOVIES (independent) if we have enough money (Dependent)

Question 20

Compound sentence have what?

Answer 20

Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. EX: I went the movies (independent) AND my mom bought us popcorn. (independent)

Question 21

Where is morphological really stressed in?

Answer 21

The common core state standards.

Question 22

What are derivational suffixes?

Answer 22

Change in word classes. EX: Root word: Attach(verb) Derivational suffix: -ment Attachment: changed in to a noun.

Question 23

What are the three uses of -ER?

Answer 23

First: Mark the initiator of an action. Mastered at 8 years old. Ex: paintER, preachER

Second: Marks an instrument for accomplishing an action. Mastered at 11 years old. EX: erasER, blowER

Third: Used as a comparative. Mastered in mid-elementary. EX: smallER, StrongER

Question 24

5 year olds have an expressive vocabulary of how many words? 1st graders? 6th graders?

Answer 24

5year olds: 2200 words 1st graders: 2600 words but can understand 8,000-10,000 english root words. 6th graders: 50,000 words

Question 25

What are taxonomies?

Answer 25

categories. EX: fruits, tools, weather

Question 26

What are themes?

Answer 26

bound by an event. EX: cake, presents, candies = birthday party

Question 27

Do younger children relate more to themes or taxonomies?

Answer 27

themes

Question 28

Why is previous knowledge so important to vocabulary acquisition?

Answer 28

because children need to relate it to their previous experience

Question 29

Where do children mostly learn the ability to define words?

Answer 29

at school. it is related to metalinguistic skills

Question 30

What is slow map?

Answer 30

Add features beyond the functional and physical aspects of something.

Question 31

Laura Justice ASHA school conference research: What are Tier 1 words?

Answer 31

very common, usually learned without direct planning EX: car, book

Question 32

What are Tier 2 words, and why do we need to teach them?

Answer 32

High in frequency vocal for mature language users. EX: Glossy We need to teach them because they go across the curriculum ( common core stand.)

Question 33

What are Tier 3 words?

Answer 33

highly specialized words EX: Peninsula

Question 34

Children learn to respond to _____ and _____ in the classroom.

Answer 34

questions and requests.

Question 35

with is the IRE format?

Answer 35

teacher **I**nitiates child **R**esponds teacher **E**valuates the childs response

Question 36

as children mature that become better at what?

Answer 36

indirect requests. introduce, sustain,and close/switch topics repair a conversational breakdown

Question 37

ASHA Schools Conference, Middle School, Pamela Wiley: Wiley said what about middle school kids?

Answer 37

children look for peer support increase social pressure ch. are more independent, less reliant on family struggle with social expectations increase on superficial qualities social hierarchies (mostly girls)

Question 38

Rosslyn Delmonico: Delmonico said what?

Answer 38

small talk is important as a bonding ritual we need to help students with this especially if they have ASD (autism spectrum disorder) start with eye contact, smile, next is greeting can throw a ball for turn taking

Question 39

Rosslyn D. ways of graceful change in topics are?

Answer 39

"by the way..." "that makes me think of ..." "this is off topic but..." "this is kind of random, but you just made me think of..."

Question 40

Narratives reflect what?

Answer 40

the storytellers experience

Question 41

Being a good storyteller enhances a child's what?

Answer 41

self image group identification within their families communicative skills

Question 42

what are the four types of narratives?

Answer 42

1. **Stories:** known patterns-main characters overcomes a challenge. 2. **Reccounts:** adult requests a child to tell about past experiences. 3. **Eventcast:** explanation of some current or anticipated event. 4. **Account:** highly individualized spontaneous story where child shares experiences

Question 43

Children need to develop a story grammar (components and rules of a story). What are they?

Answer 43

1. Setting:introduce characters 2. Initiating an event: action,seeking event 3. Internal Response: Characters reactions, thoughts, intentions, motivations 4. Internal plan: strategies for attaining goals 5. Attempt: characters action to attain goals 6. Direct consequence: Success or failure 7. Reaction: characters emotional response to the outcomes of event

Question 44

what is code switching?

Answer 44

demonstrates the continuing separation of two languages

Question 45

What is recommended for children who speak African American English? (AAE)

Answer 45

be proficiantely, bidialectal using AAE with friends and family. Mainstream english use at school.