Chapter 11 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are 2 factors written lang skills are bases on?
- environment
- genetics
- genetic factors play a dominant role in the development of reading
When a child is struggling to read, what do you ask it’s parents?
Is there family history of reading difficulty? Does anyone in the family have any reading problems?
Sometimes it can even be an uncle, aunt or grandparent
What is the process of reading?
- Reading requires decontextualized lang processing and good narrative skills
- poor readers exhibit poor narrative skills
- thus, in reading tx, we need to build ch’s narrative abilites
What is step 1 in reading?
- decoding print
- breaking a word down into its component sounds and then blending them together tor form a recognizable word
- ch brings their knowledge to the talk
- print on the page
- ch’s knowledge and skills
What is step 2 in reading?
- phonological awareness
- knowledge of sounds and syllable and of the sound structure of words
- phonological skills are essential to good reading PA skills are the best predictor of spelling in elementary school
What are Phonological Awareness (PA) skills to teach?
- rhyming
- number of syllables in a word
- first sound
- last sound
What does new research for many children, esp. those who are at risk: (“Research on all-day kindergarten” www.education.com) find?
- Big help: all-day kinder
- Positive impacts on both social and academic skills
- Teachers- increase time for small group small activities
What did Tambyraja, Farquharson, Logan, & Justice (2015). Decoding skills in children with language impairment: Contributions of phonological processing and classroom performance. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 24, 177-188. research look at?
They looked at children with language impairment (LI) and measured their phonological processing and word decoding skills 2x during the academic year
What did Tambyraja, Farquharson, Logan, & Justice (2015). Decoding skills in children with language impairment: Contributions of phonological processing and classroom performance. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 24, 177-188. find?
- PA skills fall significantly predicted spring decoding outcomes
- In tx, it is important to focus on PA skills because they impact reading
What is step 3 in reading?
Morphological Awareness (MA)
- The recognition, understanding, and use of word parts that carry significance
- Ex: students need to understand that prefixes, suffixes, inflections, and root words are all morphemes which can be taken away from or added to words to change their meaning
What percentage of English words are morphologically complex?
- More than 50%
- Students with strong MA are able to approach a novel multisyllabic word and break it into parts in order to predict the word’s meaning.
- This helps in many areas: decoding, spelling, comprehension, and oral language
When is MA especially critical?
- In 3rd grade, it becomes more important than PA in terms of literacy achievement
- Approx. 60% of the new written words school- age ch encounter by 3rd grade are morphologically compex
What did Good, Lance, & Rainey (2015). The effects of morphological awareness training on reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36 (3), 142-151. examine?
This study examined the impact of linguistically explicit instruction on the morphological awareness (MA) skills of 3rd grade children with language impairment
What did Good, Lance, & Rainey (2015). The effects of morphological awareness training on reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36 (3), 142-151. find?
In this study they found that ch who had explicit MA instruction:
- did much better than controls in spelling, vocab, and reading
- generalized knowledge to untaught words
- imposed in overall lang and literacy skills
In Good, Lance, & Rainey (2015). The effects of morphological awareness training on reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36 (3), 142-151. what worked?
- Discussion of rules (ex. adding -ly means that an adjective becomes an adverb; an adverb is adjective that modifies a verb)
- word sorts (ex. stacks words into piles based on affixes such as -ly and -able)
- using visual blocks to separate affixes from base words then join them
- helped ch increase their vocab knowledge through using the words in diff contexts
What is step 4 in reading comprehension?
- Meaning is actively constructed by the interaction of words and sentences with personal meanings and experiences
- At the basic level is decoding
What is at the highest level in reading?
Dynamic literacy: a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge
What is step 5 in reading fluency?
Words per minute depends on a number of factors:
- phonological awareness (how words sound)
- visual perception
- print awareness (how words look)
- word recognition
- speed of lexical (word) retrieval
- higher level lang and conceptual knowledge
What is Reading Development?
- Prereading: social rather than formal instruction—parents and children read together
- The more and earlier parents read, the greater the child’s oral lang and emergent literacy skills
If a preschool child develops print awareness, then what is occurring?
- Display an interest in sharing books
- Know how to hold a book right side up
- Identify the front and back of book
- identify the top and bottom of a page
- look at and turn pages from left to right
- identify the title on the book cover
- identify titles of favorite books
- distinguish between pictures and print on a page
- know where the story begins in the book
- identify letters that occur in their own names
What is Formal reading instruction?
- Occurs in school
- Phonics: sound-letter correspondence in early grades
- By 7-8 years of age, most ch have the knowledge to become competent readers
What occurs in 3rd grade?
- Shift from learning to read to reading to learn
- in grades 4-8, reading comprehension becomes especially critical
- teens and adults use their reading skills to build their knowledge of the word and their vocab
What are the reading and Common Core State Standards?
The overarching goal is to create students who are ready
What are the 4 major goals of the Common Core State Standards?
- create globally competitive citizens in 21st century
- prepare students for college
- create critical readers who “read deeply”
- help students become responsible citizens who use evidence for deliberation
