Chapter 10

Question 1

General term for the business that provide the vast array of goods and services that support the agriculture industry

Answer 1

Agribusiness

Question 2

The place from which agriculture, or a form of agriculture originates

Answer 2

Agricultural hearth

Question 3

The purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber

Answer 3

Agriculture

Question 4

The intentional growth of herds of animals by humans, rather than wild growth in nature

Answer 4

Animal domestication

Question 5

A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develops other micro- organisms for specific purposes

Answer 5

Biotechnology

Question 6

Cereal grains include corn, oats, barley, etc… grains are the harvested seed portions of cereal crops; some are for human consumption, many for animal consumption

Answer 6

Cereal grains

Question 7

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing

Answer 7

Chaff

Question 8

A machine that reaps threshes and cleans grain while moving over a field

Answer 8

Combine

Question 9

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

Answer 9

Commercial agriculture

Question 10

A grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

Answer 10

Crop

Question 11

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Answer 11

Crop rotation

Question 12

Degradation of land especially in semi- arid areas primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting

Answer 12

Desertification

Question 13

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

Answer 13

Dispersed settlement pattern

Question 14

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

Answer 14

Double cropping

Question 15

A crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important that capital or labor inputs in determining output

Answer 15

Extensive agriculture

Question 16

Dating back 10,000 years, the first agricultural revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication

Answer 16

First agricultural revolution

Question 17

Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

Answer 17

Genetically modified organisms

Question 18

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers

Answer 18

Green revolution

Question 19

The cultivation of plants

Answer 19

Horticulture

Question 20

The outer covering of a seed

Answer 20

Hull

Question 21

A form of subsistence agriculture from which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

Answer 21

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Question 22

Developed by Wladimir Koppen, A system for classifying the world climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation

Answer 22

Koppen climactic classification system

Question 23

The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other by products such as leather and wool

Answer 23

Livestock ranching

Question 24

Non-substance crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

Answer 24

Luxury crops

Question 25

Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails

Answer 25

Mediterranean agriculture

Question 26

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Answer 26

Milkshed

Question 27

Dependence on a single agricultural commodity

Answer 27

Monoculture

Question 28

Approach to farming and ranching that avoid the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs

Answer 28

Organic agriculture

Question 29

Malay word for we rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah

Answer 29

Paddy

Question 30

A form of substance agriculture based on herding animals

Answer 30

Pastoral nomadism

Question 31

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals as well as land used for grazing

Answer 31

Pasture

Question 32

The intentional planting of seeds or root plants by humans, rather than wild growth in nature

Answer 32

Plant domestication

Question 33

Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organize to produce a cash crop; almost all plantations were established with the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holding or re-organized as cooperatives

Answer 33

Plantation agriculture

Question 34

A machine that cuts grain standing in a field

Answer 34

Reaper

Question 35

Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots, or the cutting from the plants

Answer 35

Root crops

Question 36

A flooded field for growing rice

Answer 36

Sawah

Question 37

Dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, it witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce

Answer 37

Second agricultural revolution

Question 38

Crop that is reproduce by cultivating the seeds of the plants

Answer 38

Seed crops

Question 39

Cultivation of the crops and tropical forest clearings in which the force vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning; he's clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forest land; also known as the slash and burn agriculture

Answer 39

Shifting cultivation

Question 40

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Answer 40

Slash and burn agriculture

Question 41

Wheat planted in the spring in harvest in the late summer

Answer 41

Spring wheat

Question 42

Self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and Lowe technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not for trade

Answer 42

Subsistence farming

Question 43

Currently in progress, the third agricultural revolution has as it principal orientation the development of GMO's

Answer 43

Third agricultural revolution

Question 44

Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land in minimizes pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

Answer 44

Sustainable agriculture

Question 45

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Answer 45

Swidden

Question 46

To be out grain from Stocks by trampling it

Answer 46

Thresh

Question 47

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastors

Answer 47

Transhumance

Question 48

A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit making economy; a process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into your rings around a central market city with profit earning capability the determining force and how far a crop locate from the market

Answer 48

Von Thunen Model

Question 49

Rice planted on a dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Answer 49

Wet rice

Question 50

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

Answer 50

Winnow

Question 51

Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in early summer

Answer 51

Winter wheat

Question 52

Also called the public land survey the system was used by the US land office survey to parcel land west of the appellation Mountains the system device land into a series of rectangular parcels

Answer 52

Rectangular survey system

Question 53

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior

Answer 53

Townships and range the system

Question 54

A system of land surveying east of the appellation Mountains it is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as dreams or trees because of the imprecise nature of metes and brown serving the US land office survey a band in the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system

Answer 54

Metes and bounds system

Question 55

Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian maritimes parts of callback Louisiana and Texas whereby Landis divided into neural parcels stretching back from rivers roads or canals

Answer 55

Long lot serving system