Chapter 10

Question 1

Define Formal Organization

Answer 1

The order and design of relationships within a company; consists of two or more common people working together with a common objective and clarity of purpose

Question 2

Define division labour

Answer 2

The process of dividing work into separate jobs and assigning tasks to workers

Question 3

Define Specialization

Answer 3

The degree to which tasks are subdivided into smaller jobs

Question 4

Define departmentalization

Answer 4

The process of grouping jobs together so that similar or associated task and activities are coordinated

Question 5

Define functional departmentalization

Answer 5

Departmentalization that is based on the primary functions performed within an organization unit

Question 6

Define product departmentalization

Answer 6

Departmentalization that is based on the goods and services produced or sold by the organizational unit

Question 7

Define process departmentalization

Answer 7

Departmentalization that is based on the production process used by the organizational unit

Question 8

Define customer departmentalization

Answer 8

Departmentalization that is based on the primary type of customer served by the organizational unit

Question 9

Define geographic departmentalization

Answer 9

Departmentalization that I based on the geographic segmentation of the organizational units

Question 10

Define organizational charts

Answer 10

A visual representation of the structured relationships among tasks and the people given the authority to do those tasks

Question 11

Define managerial hierarchy

Answer 11

The levels of the management within an organization; typically includes top, middle, and supervisory management

Question 12

define chain o demand

Answer 12

The line of authority that extends from one level of an organizations hierarchy to the next from the top to bottom, and makes clear who reports to whim

Question 13

define authority

Answer 13

Legitimate power, granted by the organizations and acknowledged by employees, that allows an individual to request action and expected compliances

Question 14

define delegation of authority

Answer 14

The assignment of some degree of authority and authority to persons lower in the chain of command

Question 15

define span of control

Answer 15

The number of employees a manager directly supervises also called span of management

Question 16

Define Centralization

Answer 16

The degree to which formal authority is concentrated in one area or level of an organization

Question 17

Define decentralization

Answer 17

The process of pushing decisions-making authority down the organizational hierarchy

Question 18

Define mechanistic organization

Answer 18

An organizational structure that is characterized by a relatively high degree of job specialization, rigid departmentalization, many layers of management, narrow spans of control, centralized decision making, and a long chain of command

Question 19

organic organization

Answer 19

an organization structure that is characterized by a relatively low degree of job specialization, loose departmentalization, few levels of management, wide spans of control, decentralized decision making, and a short chain of command

Question 20

line organization

Answer 20

an organizational structure with direct, clear lines of authority and communication flowing from the top to the top managers down.

Question 21

line and staff organization

Answer 21

an organizational structure that includes both line and staff positioning

Question 22

line position

Answer 22

all positions in the organization directly concerned with producing goods and services and directly connected from top to bottom.

Question 23

staff position

Answer 23

positions in an organization held by individuals who provide the administrative and support services that line employees need to achieve the company’s goals

Question 24

matrix structure

Answer 24

an organizational structure that combines functional and product departmentalization by bringing together people from different functional areas of the organization to work on a special project

Question 25

committee structure

Answer 25

an organizational structure in which authority and responsibility are held by a group rather than an individual

Question 26

group cohesiveness

Answer 26

The degree to which a group members want to stay in the group and tend to resist outside influences

Question 27

work groups

Answer 27

group that share resources and coordinate efforts to help members better perform their individual jobs

Question 28

work teams

Answer 28

similar to work groups but also require the pooling of knowledge, skills, abilities, and resources to achieve a common goal

Question 29

problem solving teams

Answer 29

usually members of the same department who meet regularly to suggest ways to improve operations and solve specific problems

Question 30

self-directed work teams

Answer 30

teams without formal supervision that plan, select alternatives, and evaluate their own performances

Question 31

cross-functional team

Answer 31

members from the same organizational level but from different functional areas

Question 32

informal organization

Answer 32

the network of connections and channels of communication based on the informal relationships of individuals inside an organization

Question 33

re-engineering

Answer 33

the complete redesign of business structures and processes to improve operations

Question 34

virtual corporation

Answer 34

a network of independent companies linked by information technology to share skills, costs, and access to one another's markets; allows the companies to come together quickly to exploit rapidly changing opportunities

Question 35

How does specialization lead to greater efficiency and consistency in production?

Answer 35

it leads to greater efficiency and consistency because the preform a limited number of tasks meaning they develop greater skill in doing that specific job resulting in a more consistent and faster output of items.

Question 36

What are 5 types of departmentalization

Answer 36

``` functional departmentalization product departmentalization process departmentalization customer departmentalization geographical departmentalization ```

Question 37

What factors determine the optimal span of control

Answer 37

nature of the task- more complex the task the narrower the span of control location of the workers- more locations the narrower span of control ability of the managers to delegate responsibilities- greater ability to delegate, the wider the span of control amount of interaction and feedback between workers and managers - more feedback and interaction required the narrower span of control level of skill and motivation of the workers - higher skill and motivation the wider the span of control

Question 38

What are the primary characteristics of a decentralized organization

Answer 38

- organization is very large - company is in a dynamic environment where quick, local decisions must be made - manager are willing to share power with their subordinates - employees are willing and able to take more responsibility - company s spread out geographically

Question 39

Why does the matrix structure have a dual chain of command

Answer 39

it has a dual chain of demand because they have complimentary strengths and weaknesses. it bring people together from different functional areas of the business to work on a project.

Question 40

what are the advantages of a matrix structure

Answer 40

Team work- by pooling resources it allows increased performance Efficient - use of resources - use only the specialized staff instead of a large group flexibility - can adapt quickly to changes ability to balance conflicting objectives - customers want quality and predictable costs, organization wants high profits. these serve as focal points for directing activities higher performance - people working on project may experience increased feeling of ownership, commitment and motivation.

Question 41

what is the difference between a work team and a work group

Answer 41

work groups share resources and coordinate efforts to help members better perform their individual duties and responsibilities work team require coordination and collaboration. A pooling of knowledge, skills, abilities, and resources in a collective effort to obtain a goal

Question 42

identify and describe three types of work teams

Answer 42

problem solving - made up of employees from the same department, areas of expertise and same level of organizational hierarchy. they meet on a regular basis to share information and discuss ways to improve a specific area. they give ideas but don't make the final decision. self-directed - manage themselves, take responsibility of setting goals, planning and scheduling work activities, selecting team member and evaluating team performance cross functional - made up of people from the same hierarchical level but from different areas of the organization. most common, work together until a problem s fixed or they complete a specific project.

Question 43

what are some ways to build a high-performance team?

Answer 43

- employees willing to work together - team members should poses a variety of skills - must have clearly defined goals - practice good communication - critique ideas not the person coming up with them - have a skilled team leader

Question 44

What is the purpose of re-engineering

Answer 44

is to identify and abandonthe outdated rules and fyundamental assumptions that guide the current business operations

Question 45

What is the purpose of re-engineering

Answer 45

is to identify and abandon the outdated rules and fundamental assumptions that guide the current business operations

Question 46

What factors determine whether an organization should be mechanistic or organic

Answer 46

companies overall strategy size of organization type of technologies used stability of its external invironment

Question 47

What factors determine whether an organization should be mechanistic or organic

Answer 47

companies overall strategy size of organization type of technologies used stability of its external environment

Question 48

How does technology enable companies to organize as virtual corporations

Answer 48

it allows companies to get the moat qualified people for the job without paying them huge amounts of money to bring them to your location.