Chapter 10

Question 1

What is heredity?

Answer 1

Offspring acquire traits and genetic information from parents.

Question 2

Who first studied genetics with quantitative method?

Answer 2

I believe it was a monk named Mendel.

Question 3

Define cross fertilize.

Answer 3

Plants or animals obtain gametes from another for fertilization.

Question 4

What is true breeding?

Answer 4

True breeding creates a purebred. A purebred always passes down a certain phenotype to its offspring of many generations.

Question 5

What is true breeding?

Answer 5

True breeding creates a purebred. A purebred always passes down a certain phenotype to its offspring of many generations.

Question 6

What is P generation?
What is F1 generation?
What is F2 generation?

Answer 6

P is the parent generation and the only pure plants.
F1 is the child of P and they are hybrids that show the dominant trait.
F2 is the grandchildren of P. They show the dominant and recessive trait.

Question 7

Garden pea plants are good for genetic experiments because they r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e quickly and have easy traits to study.

Answer 7

Reproduce.

Question 8

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 8

It will allows be expressed if the dominant allele is present.

Question 9

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 9

Two recessive alleles must be possessed for an individual to show a recessive trait.

Question 10

Mendel believed that parents don’t directly transmit traits to offspring. Instead, they pass down factors known as g _ _ _ s.

Answer 10

Genes.

Question 11

Mendel believed that each parent has 2 copies of the gene that determine the trait. With this knowledge, compare a homozygous individual to a heterozygous individual.

Answer 11

Homozygous= two of the same copy
Heterozygous= two different copies.

Question 12

Mendel believes that appearance is based on a _ _ _ _ _ s. These cause different traits to appear.

Answer 12

Alleles.

Question 13

True or false: Mendel believed that the two alleles inherited did not affect each other.

Answer 13

True, this is why we can have heterozygous individuals.

Question 14

True or false: Mendel believed that the presence of an allele means the trait will be expressed.

Answer 14

False, this is why we can have heterozygous individuals. They express the dominant trait but the recessive allele is still there.

Question 15

What is Mendel’s law of segregation? Hint: it is related to alleles.

Answer 15

Alleles combine at random with other alleles.

Question 16

What is Mendel’s independent assortment?

Answer 16

The passing of one allele doesn’t impact the passing of another. For example a recessive allele from one parent doesn’t guarantee the other will be recessive.

Question 17

What is phenotype?

Answer 17

Expression/appearance resulting from alleles.

Question 18

What is genotype?

Answer 18

This is the alleles themselves. Like GG, Gg, gg.

Question 19

What does polygenic mean?

Answer 19

Several genes influence this trait. For example, height or skin color.

Question 20

What does incomplete dominance mean?

Answer 20

Not all alleles are fully dominant or recessive. They can make a mixture.

Question 21

What does incomplete dominance mean?

Answer 21

Not all alleles are fully dominant or recessive. They can make a mixture. White and red flowers may produce pink flowers.

Question 22

What does codominance mean?

Answer 22

Both of these alleles get expressed in one individual.

Question 23

True or false: the environment can play a role in determining phenotype.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What are autosomes? Hint: they encompass 22/23 pairs of our chromosome and are different from sex chromosomes.

Answer 24

They determine everything but sex.

Question 25

What do sex chromosomes determine? Hint: they are only 1/23 pairs of our chromosomes.

Answer 25

Our sex.

Question 26

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 26

When chromosomes or chromatids fail to separate during meiosis.

Question 27

What is a karyotype? Hint: it allows us to view chromosomes.

Answer 27

It shows stained and magnified versions of chromosomes.

Question 28

What is a mutation?

Answer 28

Are accident changes in genes. Most are recessive because they are dangerous.