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Biology > Chapter 10 and 11- Classification and biodiversity > Flashcards

Chapter 10 and 11- Classification and biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is an autotrophic organism?

A

Nutrients acquired by photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is a heterotrophic organism?

A

Nutrients acquired by ingestion of other organisms

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3
Q

Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are multicellular?

A
  • fungi
  • plantae
  • animalia
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4
Q

Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are unicellular?

A
  • prokaryotae

- Protoctista

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5
Q

Relationship between classification and phylogeny?

A

Modern classification reflects phylogeny

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6
Q

What are the three domains?

A
  • archaea
  • bacteria
  • eukaryota
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7
Q

Why do two species share the same first name?

A

Same genus

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8
Q

Advantages of using binomial nomenclature than common names?

A
  • universal
  • different common name for same organism
  • no language barrier
  • know which genus and species it belongs to
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9
Q

How can you estimate the age of extinct organisms?

A

Look at fossil record

Fossils deeper in ground older than those near surface

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10
Q

Explain what developments in science show about the nature of scientific knowledge

A

Always improving

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11
Q

What are domains decided upon?

A

-amino acid sequences

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12
Q

Why the three domain system is now used in preference to the five kingdom system

A
  • fundamental differences between bacteria and archaea
  • bacteria and archaea have diff RNA
  • eukaryotes all have 80s ribosomes
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13
Q

Likely causes of variation in body length of x

A
  • environment
  • genetics
  • age
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14
Q

What four observations did Charles Darwin and Wallace make?

A
  • offspring are similar to their parents
  • no two are identical
  • organisms can produce large numbers of offspring
  • populations tend to remain stable in size
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15
Q

What three sources of evidence are there for evolution?

A
  • fossil record
  • comparative biochemistry
  • comparative anatomy
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16
Q

What is intraspecific variation?

A

Differences between organisms within a species

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17
Q

What is interspecific variation?

A

-differences between members of different species

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18
Q

What type of variation is height

A

Continuous

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19
Q

What type of variation is blood type?

A

-discontinuous

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20
Q

What term describes the effect created by predators?

A

Selection pressure

21
Q

What term describes the characteristic that leads to increased survival

A

Adaptation

22
Q

Suggest factors that cause differentiated survival

A
  • disease
  • competition
  • environmental change
  • hunting
23
Q

How could you describe the x that managed to reproduce?

A

Increased reproductive success

24
Q

What are the three types of adaptations?

A
  • behavioural
  • anatomical
  • physiological
25
An organism has 70s ribosomes and circular DNA. What kingdom does it belong to?
Prokaryotae
26
Which test is used to compare two means?
Student’s t test
27
Why bats and birds have both evolved wings depsite not being closely related?
- similar lifestyle - similar selection pressure - wings are an advantage for survival to both - alleles for wings more likely to be passed on to next generation
28
How fossils provide evidence for theory of evolution?
- can see how structures of organisms have changed over time - there are methods to date fossils
29
Why interspecies breeding did not work?
- diff genus - diff species - generically incompatible - may have diff no of chromosomes
30
What does cites stand for?
Convention on international trade in endangered species?
31
Aims of cites?
- regulate trade in selected animals | - ensure trade does not put wild populations at risk
32
Factors that need to be taken into consideration when selecting individuals for breeding?
- health - of reproductive age - selecting individuals of opposite sex
33
What can be done to ensure success of release programme after captive breeding?
- adequate food supply - healthy before release - no hunting
34
Classifying organisms called?
Taxonomy
35
Phylogeny?
Evolutionary relationship between organisms
36
Which domain parrot belongs to?
Eukarya
37
What happens if same genus?
-share more recent common ancestor -will have genes in common -e.g. both have -
38
Variation?
Differences between species
39
Why reported mass may not be accurate?
- small sample | - individuals sampled may not be representative of population
40
Why conservation of x is important?
- part of food chain - potential sources of Medicine - to maintain biodiversity
41
Ex situ?
Not in natural habitat
42
Why better to conserve seed bank than adult plants?
- less susceptible to disease - remain viable for long periods - take up little space - able to store large numbers
43
Why important to make sure seeds in seed bank have been collected from diff sites in wild?
- to maintain gene pool - reduces chance of inbreeding - reduced chance of future disease
44
How fossil evidence supports evolution?
- fossils show that organisms have changed over time - can be dated - show intermediate forms
45
Ways population of x could be conserved?
- ban fishing - ex situ: captive breeding - educating people in fishing industry
46
5 kingdoms?
- animals - plants - fungi - protocist - prokaryotes
47
6 kingdoms?
- animals - plants - fungi - protocist - archae bacteria - eubacteria
48
Outline features of 3 domain system?
- prokaryotes are split into groups bc archae and bacteria are different - based on differences in DNA - eukaryotes have been placed in same group no they have similarities
49
How ability to use x may have evolved from ancestor that had that ability?
- natural selection - selection pressure is lack of food - individuals have mutation for x which is random or pre existing - individuals with mutation survive - mutation passed on to next generation - over many generations frequency of Allele / characteristic increases

Biology (26 decks)

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