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252 - intro to phys act final > Chapter 10 : assessing flexibility > Flashcards

Chapter 10 : assessing flexibility Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: flexibility is important but often neglected

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Flexibility & joint stability are highly dependent on: (3)

A

Joint structure
Strenght & number of muscles spanning the joint
Strenght & number of ligaments spanning the joint

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3
Q

is the ability of a joint, or series of joints, to move through a full ROM without injury

A

Flexibility

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4
Q

is a measure of the total ROM at the joint & is limited by the extensibility of the musculotendinous unit.

A

Static flexibility

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5
Q

is a measure of the rate of torque or resistance developed during stretching throughout the ROM

A

Dynamic flexibility

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6
Q

Joint range of motion depends on morphological factors such as: (5)

A 
Joint geometry 
(structure)
Joint capsule
Ligaments
Tendons
Muscles
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7
Q

Gliding = ?

A

nonaxial

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8
Q

Hinge = ?

A

Uniaxial

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9
Q

Pivot = ?

A

Uniaxial

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10
Q

Condyloid & saddle = ?

A

Biaxial

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11
Q

Ball & socket = ?

A

Triaxial

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12
Q

What are the soft tissue structures that limit flexibility? (4)

A 
Joint capsule 
(47%)
Muscle and its fascia (41%)
Tendons & ligaments (10%)
Skin (2%)
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13
Q

Composed predominantly of a nonelastic connective tissue called collagen

A

Joint capsule & ligaments

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14
Q

Composed of an elastic connective tissue called elastin + most important structures in terms of reducing resistance to movement & increasing dynamic flexibility

A

Muscle and its fascia

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15
Q

T or F: In the muscle-tendon unit, the tension within this unit affects both static flexibility & dynamic flexibility

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Abreviation for Muscle-Tendon Unit

A

MTU

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17
Q

Elastic deformation of the MTU is proportional to ??

A

Load or tension applied during stretching

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18
Q

Viscous deformation of the MTU is proportional to ??

A

The speed at which the tension is applied during stretching

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19
Q

During fixed length static stretching, the tension within the MTU _______ over time, which is called ____ ____ ____

A

Decreases

Viscoelastic stress relaxation

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20
Q

A single static stretch sustained for 90s produces a ___ increase in viscoelastic stress relaxation & ____ muscle stiffness for up to 1 hour.

A

30%

decreases

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21
Q

Factors affecting flexibility (6)

A 
Body type
age
gender (Sex)
physical activity level
warm-up
amount of stretching & flexibility training
22
Q

Name the 2 body types that will score poorly on ROM tests

A

Bodybuilders

Obese individuals

23
Q

T or F: age decreases muscle stiffness, higher stretch tolerance

A

False

increase, lower

24
Q

Generally, ___ are more flexible than ____ at all ages

A

Females, males

25
Q

This gender-related flexibility difference is attributed to (2):

A

Gender differences in pelvis structure & hormones that may affect connective tissue laxity

26
Q

What may restrict ROM because of the tightening & shortening of muscle tissue?

A

Habitual movement pattern

27
Q

T or F: lack of physical flexibility is a major cause of inflexibility

A

TRUE

28
Q

What is disuse

A

Due to lack of PA or immobilization, produces shortening of the muscles & connective tissues

29
Q

Warm up alone ____ increase ROM

A

does not

* active warm up + static or dynamic stretching is more effective

30
Q

Often observed in certain athletes (gymnasts), leads to joint laxity or instability, may increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries

A

Hypermobility

31
Q

Name the 2 methods of measuring static flexibility

A

Direct

Indirect

32
Q

Examples of direct methods (see p.24-30)

A

Goniometer
Electrogoniometer
Flexometer
Inclinometer

33
Q

Examples of indirect methods

A

Sit-and-reach tests
Modified Schober
Skin distraction test

34
Q

T or F: Flexometer is easier to use than the inclinometer & universal goniometer

A

False, inclinometer is easier

Because held by hand + doesn’t have to be aligned with specific bony landmarks

35
Q

The validity & reliability of devices such as goniometers & inclinometers that measure ROM directly are highly dependent on: (2)

A

the joint being measured

technician skill

36
Q

What is considered the best reference method for establishing the validity of goniometric measurements?

A

Radiography

37
Q

The intratester and intertester reliabilities of goniometric measurements are affected by: (2)

A

Difficulty in identifying the axis of rotation

Palpating bony landmarks

38
Q

Measurements of upper extremity joints is generally __ reliable than ROM measurements of lower extremity joints

A

More

39
Q

Intertester reliability of inclinometer measurements is variable & joint specific to: (2)

A

Lumbar extension

Subtalar joint

40
Q

Knowledge & skills required to obtain accurate & reliable ROM measurements (3)

A

Knowledge of anatomy
Knowledge of standardized testing procedures
Training & practice

41
Q

T or F: There is a belief that lack of flexibility is associated with low back pain & musculoskeletal injuries

A

True

42
Q

Sit-and-reach test

A

read p.36-48

43
Q

Name the 2 measures of flexibility for older adults

A

Chair Sit-and-reach test

Back Scratch test

44
Q

Assesses lower body (hamstring) flexibility

A

Chair Sit-and-reach test

45
Q

Assesses upper body (shoulder joint) flexibility

A

Back scratch test

46
Q

Increases the risk of developing low back pain

A

Lumbar instability

47
Q

Name the primary muscle groups responsible for stabilizing the lumbar spine (3)

A 
Trunk extensors (erector spinae)
Trunk flexors (abs)
Lateral flexors (quadratus lumborum)
48
Q

Measures isometric endurance of trunk extensors

A

Sorensen Test

49
Q

Measures isometric endurance of trunk flexors

A

V-sit Test

50
Q

Measures isometric endurance of lateral flexors

A

Side bridge test

252 - intro to phys act final (7 decks)

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