chapter 10- biodiversity Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is one characteristic of a species
all species are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring
what is the first name in the binomial system
generic name- genus
what is the second name in the binomial system
specific name- species
how does courtship behavior enameled a successful chance of producing offspring
- allowing the species to recognize members of their own species
- identify a mate which is capable of breeding
- form a pair bond
- synchronise mating
- become able to breed
what is classification
the grouping of organisms
what are the two main forms of biological classification and what do they mean
- artificial classification
- divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time, e.g colour, size, number of legs, etc. they are described as analogous characteristics where they have the same function but different evolutionary origins
- phylogenetic classification
- based upon the evolutionary relationship between organisms and their ancestors
- classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
- arranges the groups into hierarchy
what is taxonomy
the study of the groups within a phylogenetic biological classification and their position in a hierarchal order
what are the three domains
bacteria
archaea
eukarya
what are the four kingdoms in the eukarya domain
protocista
fungi
plantae
animalia
what is the rhyme to remember the classes in classification
keep - kingdom
ponds - phylum
clean - class
or - order
frogs - family
get. - genus
sick - species
what is phylogeny
the evolutionary relationship between organisms usually shown on a phylogenetic tree
what is biodiversity
refers to the number and variety of living organisms in a particular area
what are the three types of biodiversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
ecosystem diversity
what is species richness
the number of different species in a particular area at a given time
what is a habitat
an environment where an organism lives
what is a community
all the populations of different species in a community
what is a population
the number of organisms in a species in a particular area
what is the index of species diversity in agricultural ecosystems
low
what practices have directly removed habitats and reduced species diversity
- removal of hedgerows and grubbing out woodlands
- creating monocultures
- filling in ponds or draining wetlands
- over-grazing of land
what techniques can be applied to increase species and habitat diversity
- plant hedges rather than erect fences
- maintain existing ponds and where possible create new ones
- plant native trees on land with low species diversity
- reduce the use of pesticides
- use organic fertilisers rather than inorganic
- use crop-rotation that involves a nitrogen fixing crop to increase soil fertility
what do nitrogen-fixing crops do
they convert the nitrogen in the atmosphere into nitrogen compounds for the soil
what are the limitations of using observable characteristics to measure genetic diversity
-genes are polygenic
-characteristics can be modified by environmental conditions rather than alleles
what colour fluorescent dyes are the nucleotide bases dyed with
adenine= green
thymine= red
guanine= yellow
cytosine= blue
