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Biology > Chapter 10 - Cell Growth and Division > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Cell Growth and Division Flashcards

0
Q

Tell about how too many demands on DNA will make the cell divide.

A

cell size increases, more DNA is used

cell grows, but amount of DNA does not

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1
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

too many demands on DNA

not enough outside space to move nutrients of waste in and out

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2
Q

Tell about how a cell will divide if there is not enough outside space around a cell.

A

small cell - shorter communication distance between nucleus and organelles
if cell is too big, it produces too much waste and needs too much food
the cell surface is not large enough in large cells to let much in or out

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3
Q

Two types of reproduction?

A

asexual

sexual

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4
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

a single parent cell divides into an exact copy of itself

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5
Q

Examples of asexual reproduction?

A

bacteria

body cells

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6
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

the fusion of two cells into one resulting in an offspring genetically different from either parent

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7
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction?

A

animals

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8
Q

Names for chromosomes

A 
DNA
chromosome
chromatin
chromatid
genome
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9
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

strands of DNA

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are in every cell?

A

46

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11
Q

How many pairs are there?

A

23

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12
Q

What are the 23 pairs made up of?

A

one set from mom, one set from dad

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13
Q

How do you tell that the chromosomes from mom and dad are the same?

A

the same gene locations

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14
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

the nucleus

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15
Q

What is chromatin?

A

uncoiled working DNA that is open to expose the genes so they can be used

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16
Q

What are chromatids?

A

coiled DNA ready for cell division

17
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

copied DNA that form each side of the X

18
Q

What does the centromere do?

A

holds the sister chromatids together at their center

19
Q

What are the steps of the cell cycle?

A 
IPPMAT
Interphase
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
20
Q

What is interphase?

A

the working phase of the cell when the cell is growing

21
Q

What are the three phases of interphase?

A

G1, S, G2

22
Q

What happens during G1?

A

the cell grows and does regular cell work

23
Q

One fact about G1?

A

Most of the cell’s life occurs here

24
Q

What takes place during the S phase?

A

synthesis
The DNA replicates itself
sister chromatids are created

25
Q

What happens during G2?

A

the organelles replicate so each new cell has the correct amount of organelles
the mother cell is created

26
Q

One fact about G2?

A

final preparations before cell division

27
Q

What is a mother cell?

A

a cell with replicated DNA and an increased amount of organelles

28
Q

What is the M phase?

A

mitosis

29
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

chromosomes begin to coil up and become chromatid
the nucleus begins to dissolve
the nucleolus begins to disappear
centrioles begin to move to the north and south poles
spindle begins to form

30
Q

What are the centrioles doing?

A

producing spindle

31
Q

What is spindle and what does it do?

A

rope like substance that attaches to the centromere and pulls the sister chromatids apart, moving them toward the poles

32
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

chromosomes have completely unwound into chromatids

spindles have attached to centromeres of each sister chromatid

33
Q

What is kinetichore?

A

strands of proteins on each side of the centromere

34
Q

What do kinetichore do?

A

allow the spindle to attach to each sister chromatid

35
Q

What is nonkinetichore spindle?

A

spindle that does not attach to a chromosome, but helps push the cell apart for division

36
Q

What do the kinetichore do to the chromosomes?

A

move them toward the equator

37
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up at the equator
all kinetichores on each chromatid have spindle attached
spindles move chromosomes in a straight line at the equator
non kinetichore spindle push off each other to push the cell apart

38
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

spindles pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere

nonkinetichore spindle elongate, making the cell oblong

39
Q

What happens during telophase?

A 
the nuclear membrane begins to reform
the chromatids begin to unwind and become chromatin
nucleolus reforms
centrioles and spindle dissolve away
cytokinesis begins
40
Q

what occurs during cytokinesis

A

the cell pinches into two daughter cells

each new daughter cell begins by G1 of interphase

41
Q

What is a daughter cell?

A

identical to the parent cell

Biology (9 decks)

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