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Biology > Chapter 10 ~ Classification And Evolution > Flashcards

Chapter 10 ~ Classification And Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is classification?

A

The name given to the process by which living organisms are sorted into groups organisms within each groups share similar features

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2
Q

What is biological classification system?

A

Classification grouping living organisms based on their similar anatomical features

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3
Q

What are biological classification systems?

A

Hierachial

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4
Q

What are the groups in a hierarchy referred to as

A

Taxonomic groups

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5
Q

What are the seven taxonomic group?

A

Kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species

This is known as the linnaeun and classification

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6
Q

Why do scientist classify organisms?

A

To identify species to predict characteristics and define evolutionary links

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7
Q

How are organisms classified?

A

They separated into three domains, a.k.a. bacteria and eukaryote
They are then classified as individual species

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8
Q

How do you name organisms?

A

Using binomial, nomenclature

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9
Q

How do you name using binomial Norman culture?

A

Using genus and species

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10
Q

What are the rules for naming organisms?

A

You should write in italics or underline name should be written in lowercase, and Genice, which name should be in uppercase

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11
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Prokaryote protoctista fungi plantae Animalia

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12
Q

Explain the features of prokaryote

A

Unicellular
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Bring of DNA and small ribosomes

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13
Q

Explain the function of protoctista

A

Unicellular
Nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Chloroplast
Nutrients are required by photosynthesis

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14
Q

Explain the features of fungi

A

Unicellular or multicellular
Contain a , nucleus and other membrane bone organelles
No chloroplast or chlorophyll
Body or mycellium made of threads or hyphae neutrons acquired by absorption, as they are sacrophtic feeders

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15
Q

Features of plantae

A

Multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chlorophyll
Nutrients acquired by photosynthesis
Store store food as starch start

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16
Q

Features of Animalia

A

Multicellular
Contain nucleus and other organelles
No chloroplast
Nutrients acquired by ingestion
Food stored as glycogen

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17
Q

What is a 3-D domain system?

A

It was proposed by Carl worse
He grouped organisms using differences in their sequences of nucleotides in the cells. RNA, as well as the cell membrane lipid structure.
Organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms

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18
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Eukarya archaea bacteria

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19
Q

How many ribosomes does eukarya have?

A

80 s ribosomes RNA polymerase contains 12 proteins

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20
Q

How many ribosomes does archaea have

A

70 s RNA polymerase contain 8-10 proteins

21
Q

How many ribosomes in bacteria

A

70s RNA contain 5

22
Q

What are the two kingdoms divided into in woese’s system?

A

Archaebacteria $ eubacteria

23
Q

What is archaebacteria

A

Ancient which can live in extreme environments

24
Q

What 15 eubacteria

A

True bacteria found in au environments

25
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The name given to evolutionary relationships between organisms

26
Q

What is advantages of phylogenetic c classification?

A

Phylogony produces a continuous tree, whereas classification, requires discreet, taxonomical groups
The hierarchical nature of Lynian classification can be misleading as it implies that different groups within the same rank are equivalent

27
Q

What is evolution?

A

Process by which organisms change over time

28
Q

How does evolution occur?

A

Natural selection

29
Q

What is natural selection?

A

It states that organisms that are better adapted to their environment, have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing passing on the alleles to their offspring

30
Q

evidence for evolution

A

Paleontology which is the study of fossil and the fossil record
Comparative antonomy. Is a study of similarities and differences between an organisms anatomy
Comparative biochemistry, which is the similarities and differences between the chemical make up of an organism

31
Q

How are fossils formed

A

When animal and plants are preserved in rocks and over long periods of time sediment is deposited on the Earth, which form layers of rock

32
Q

What is evidence provided by the fossil record?

A

Fossils of the simplest organisms such as bacteria and algae are found in all rocks, whereas fossils which are more complex found in recent rocks. This supports evolutionary theory that simple lifeform gradually evolved over an extremely long period of time into more complex ones.
The sequence in which organ are found matches the ecological link to each other
Scientist control, how closely related organisms have evolved from the same ancestor
Fossils allow relationships between extinct and living organisms to be investigated

33
Q

What is comparative anatomy?

A

The study of the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different living species

34
Q

What is a homologous structure?

A

Structure that appears superficially different in different organisms, but I have the same underlying structure

35
Q

What is a divergent evolution?

A

This describes how from a common ancestor difference species have evolved each of the different set of adaptive features. This type of evolution occurs when closing related species diversity to adapt a new habitat as a result of migration or lots of habitat.

36
Q

What is comparative biochemistry?

A

Study of similarities and differences in the proteins and other molecules that control life processes

37
Q

What is interspecific variation?

A

Variation which occurs when comparing individuals of differing species

38
Q

Define intraspecific variation

A

Differences between organisms within a species

39
Q

What are the causes of variation?

A
  1. an organism genetic material - differences in the genetic material and organism inherit from its parents which leads to a genetic variation
  2. environment the organism lives in which causes environmental variation
40
Q

What is genetic variation due to?

A

Alleles
Mutation
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Chance

41
Q

Define how alleles cause variation

A

Each gene have a different allele, which contains a particular characteristic

42
Q

Define how mutations cause genetic variation

A

Changes DNA sequence which changes the gene which can lead to changes in proteins are coded for which affects physical and metabolic characteristics

43
Q

How does meiosis affect genetic variation?

A

Gametes produced by the process of meiosis, each gamete receives 1/2 genetic content of a parent cell.

Independent assortment , before nucleus, divides and chromatids, separate genetic material, inherited from the two parents mixed up

44
Q

How does sexual reproduction cause genetic variation?

A

Offspring produced from two individuals inherit genes from each of the parents

45
Q

What are environmental causes of variation?

A

Factors such as the way they live

46
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Characteristic that can only result in certain values

47
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Characteristics which can take place within the range

48
Q

What is a normal distribution curve?

A

When continuous data is put it onto a graph, which results in a bow shaped curve, which is known as a normal distribution curve

49
Q

What are the statistical test?

A

Standard deviation students t test correlation coefficient

Biology (7 decks)

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