Chapter 2 ~ Basic Components Of Living Systems

Question 1

What does cell theory state?

Answer 1

Both animals and plant tissues are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells only developed from existing cells

Question 2

Explain what light microscope are

Answer 2

They use light to magnify objects. They have two lenses and objective lens which is near the specimen this magnifies the sample and the eyepiece lens where the specimen is viewed from which further magnifies.X

Question 3

What night microscopes used to view?

Answer 3

Whole cell or tissues as well as living cells

Question 4

Explain electron microscopes

Answer 4

They use a beam of electrons
They have more detail on cell ultra structure

Question 5

What is the two types of electron microscope?

Answer 5

Transmission electron microscope
Scanning electron microscope

Question 6

Explain transmission electron microscope

Answer 6

Visualises individual organ using electron magnets to focus a beam of electrons at sample

Question 7

Explain scanning electron microscope

Answer 7

It produces 3-D images of cells and organelles. It is done by emitting the beam of electrons towards the sample electrons which is used to build a image

Question 8

Which one has higher resolution?

Answer 8

Transmission electron microscope

Question 9

Which one has higher resolution?

Answer 9

Transmission electron microscope

Question 10

Steps for calibration

Answer 10

1. Place the stage micrometre on the stage and focused the lens so that you can clearly see the divisions.
2. align the eyepiece graticule with the stage micrometre
3. Each division of the stage micrometre is 0.1mm
4. The gratitude is divided by a scale from 0 to 100
5. Take away the stage micrometre and add the sample using the IPP gratitude to measure its size

Question 11

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 11

Size of image divided by size of object

Question 12

What is the definition for magnification?

Answer 12

How many times larger the images than the actual size of the object being viewed

Question 13

What is the definition of resolution and what type of microscope has a higher resolution?

Answer 13

Resolution is the ability to see individual objects as separate entities
Like microscopes have a much lower resolution so produce less detailed images

Question 14

What are the four methods of preparing sample?

Answer 14

Dry mount
Wet mount
Squash slide
Smear slide

Question 15

Explain dry mount

Answer 15

Solid specimens of viewed whole or cut into thin
And then the specimen is plates on the centre of a slide with a cover slip above

Question 16

Explain wet mount

Answer 16

A specimen is put into the liquid and a cover slip is placed at an angle

Question 17

Explain wet mount

Answer 17

A specimen is put into the liquid and a cover slip is placed at an angle

Question 18

Explain squash slide

Answer 18

A wet mount is prepared and the lens tissue is pressed down a cover slip is placed and the sample is squashed between two microscope slides

Question 19

Explain smear slide

Answer 19

The edge of a slide is used to smear a sample and into a thin and even coating and then a cover slip is placed over the sample

Question 20

What is differential staining?

Answer 20

Which distinguishes between two types of organisms?

Question 21

What does crystal violet and methylene blue do?

Answer 21

They stain cell components

Question 22

What does Negro sin and conga red do?p

Answer 22

They stain the outside of a cell making the organelle stand out

Question 23

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 23

Animal and plant cells

Question 24

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 24

Animal and plant cells

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

Controls metabolic activity Contains DNA, which controls the activities of cell I

Question 26

Nucleolus

Answer 26

Site of ribosome production

Question 27

Nuclear envelope

Answer 27

It is a double membrane which surrounds the nucleus containing pores which allows small small molecules to pass into the cytoplasm

Question 28

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 28

It is a series of flat sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface It folds and process proteins made on the ribosomes It contains ribosomes on the cisternae It is a synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 29

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

It is the system of membrane bound sacks Produces and processes, lipids Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates Also used as storage

Question 30

Golgi apparatus

Answer 30

It is a fluid filled and flattened curve sacks with vehicles around the edges Processes and packages, proteins and lipid lipids and produces lysosomes

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

Ribosomes are made up of two substance units of proteins and rRNA It is the side of protein synthesis

Question 32

Where are 80 S ribosomes found

Answer 32

Eukaryotic cells

Question 33

Where are 70 S ribosomes found

Answer 33

Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells and chloroplast

Question 34

Mitochondria

Answer 34

Oval shaped bound by a double membrane called envelope In a membrane is folded by Cristae with the matrix on the inside containing enzymes needed for respiration Is used for respiration ATP production

Question 35

Lysosomes

Answer 35

Vehicle containing digestive enzymes bounded by a single membrane It is hydrolytic enzymes which breaks down waste products

Question 36

Chloroplast

Answer 36

Double membrane containing thykloids These are arranged into sacs to form grana linked by lamellae

Question 37

Plasma membrane

Answer 37

Phospholipid bilayer which contains cholesterol to regulate membrane fluidity it contains all cell contents and holds the cell together and controls the movement of substances into an out of cells

Question 38

Centrioles

Answer 38

Hello, cylinders containing micro tubes Come compares to form central zones Involved in production of spindle, fibre and organisation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 39

Cell wall

Answer 39

Provides support to cells

Question 40

What is the cell wall made up of in plants fungi and prokaryotes?

Answer 40

Implants it is made up of cellulose In fungi is made of chitin In prokaryotes it is made up a muriene

Question 41

Lala

Answer 41

Is a tail like structure made up of bundles of micro tubes which contract to make it move the self forward? Mobility

Question 42

Celia

Answer 42

Hair like projectors which are either stationary or mobile is found on the epithelial cells lining the trachea and moved to mucus into the windpipe

Question 43

vacuole

Answer 43

Membrane line sac in cytoplasm containing cells

Question 44

What are the importance of cytoskeleton?

Answer 44

It provides mechanical support Enable cell transport Cell movement

Question 45

Similarities and differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 45

Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles Prokaryotes have DNA in single circular chromosomes in the form of plasmids Prokaryotes have 70 S ribosomes and eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes You carryout are made up of cellulose and chintin where is bacterial cells are made up of miriene Prokaryote a smaller