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Animal Conservation Bio > Chapter 10: Connectivity > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Connectivity Flashcards

1
Q

how do wildlife species occur?

A

as multiple populations distributed across landscapes

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2
Q

connectivity equation

A

N t+1 = Nt + B + I - D - E

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3
Q

E

A

emigration

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4
Q

I

A

immigration

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5
Q

one migrant per generation rule

A
  • typically maintains genetic diversity
  • balances local adaptation
  • independent of population size
  • migrant has to have the same probability of breeding
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6
Q

demographic connectivity

A

change in population size due to immigration and emigration

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7
Q

impact of demographic connectivity

A

a function of the migration rate & the local demographic rates

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8
Q

migration

A
  • movement of large numbers of one species from one place to another
  • often round trip
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9
Q

dispersal

A

permanent movement away from population of origin to another population

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10
Q

types of dispersal

A
  • immigration
  • emigration
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11
Q

immigration

A

dispersal into a target population

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12
Q

emigration

A

dispersal out of a target population

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13
Q

example of migration

A

movement of eels between lakes & rivers & Sargasso Sea

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14
Q

example of dispersal

A

movement of mountain lions from W. USA to the midwest

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15
Q

why is connectivity important?

A
  • persistence & fluctuation of populations
  • colonization & recolonization of empty sites
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16
Q

persistence & fluctuation of populations

A
  • rescue effects
  • synchrony
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17
Q

rescue effects

A
  • genetic
  • demographic
  • evolutionary
18
Q

synchrony

A
  • of population dynamics to dampen fluctuations
  • can have negative consequences
19
Q

colonization of new sites

A

permits response to changing environmental conditions

20
Q

example of colonization of new sites

A

global climate change

21
Q

recolonization

A

increase persistence of suite of populations

22
Q

how to measure connectivity?

A
  • using mark-recapture methods
  • radio telemetry
23
Q

CMR: Roseate Terns

A
  • band a large number of birds at colonies
  • colonies search each year for marked birds
  • identify which birds moved
  • need to know where to look
24
Q

Jolly Seber

A

open population type models

25
Q

CMR for measuring dispersal & connectivity

A
  • great for tightly colonial species
  • great for heavily harvested animals
  • need to know where to look for dispersing animals
26
Q

for which of the following would it be challenging to measure movement using mark recapture?
- praire dogs
- white tailed deer
- raccoons

A

raccoons

27
Q

radio telemetry

A
  • mark animals with a radio transmitter
  • follow them
28
Q

different types of radio telemetry

A
  • VHF
  • acoustic
  • satellite
29
Q

VHF & acoustic telemetry

A
  • easier to find dispersers than CMR
  • limited by the range of the transmitter
30
Q

VHF & acoustic telemetry: limited by range of transmitter

A
  • limited by size
  • aircrafts & drones can help search
  • freshwater & marine
31
Q

The Motus Wildlife Tracking System

A
  • automated radio telemetry to simultaneously track hundreds of individuals of numerous species of birds, bats, & insects
  • international collaborative network
32
Q

satellite transmitters

A
  • marks animals with transmitters
  • sit at your desk & let a satellite track them
33
Q

pros of satellite transmitters

A

good for broad scale movement

34
Q

cons of satellite transmitters

A
  • not always extremely accurate
  • expensive
  • relatively heavy
35
Q

Genetic Method: assignment test

A

designed to directly detect individuals that disperse from their population of birth

36
Q

Brook Trout

A
  • native to Lake Erie tributary system
  • reintroductions began in late 90’s
37
Q

metapopulation

A

population of populations

38
Q

metapopulation details

A
  • habitat occurs in discrete patches
  • dispersal occurs between patches
  • not all patches are created equal
39
Q

source population

A

serve as a net contributor to the metapopulation

40
Q

sink population

A

population that drains the metapopulation

41
Q

Snowshow hares cycle across Canada & AK

A

source sink dynamics are one of the reasons that snowshow hares do not cycle in the US

Animal Conservation Bio (14 decks)

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