Chapter 10- Intelligence Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to direct one’s thinking, adapt to one’s circumstances, and learn from one’s experiences
natural intelligence tests
measured children’s aptitude for learning independent of the child’s prior educational achievement
ratio IQ
a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
deviation IQ
a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100
an intelligence test
a measurement of a person’s performance on tasks that are correlated with the consequences that intelligence produces
factor analysis
a statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors
two factor theory of intelligence
every task requires a combination of general ability(g) and skills that are specific to the task (s)
fraternal twins
twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm
identical twins
twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm
heritability coefficient
a statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genes
shared environment
those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household
nonshared environment
those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household.
relative intelligence
stable over time
absolute intelligence
can change considerably over time
cognitive enhancers
drugs that produce improvements in the psychological processes that underlie intelligent behavior
