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CHEM233 Lec > Chapter 10: Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the sum total of all the reactions that take place in a living cell

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

These reactions are used to extract energy and materials from the environment

A

catabolism

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3
Q

use this energy and these materials to produce new molecules that will sustain the cell and allow it to propagate itself.

A

anabolism

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4
Q

The reactions are arranged into pathways, where the product
for one reaction is the ___ for the next reaction

A

reactant (substrate)

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5
Q

The arrangement of reactions looks very much like a ___ , but
instead of tracing the ___, the metabolic pathways trace the
___

A

wiring diagram

flow of electrons

flow of atoms and molecules

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6
Q

Every chemical reaction in metabolism is catalyzed by ___

A

enzyme

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7
Q

The enzymes are used like ___ to control the flow of material through
the pathways

A

valves

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8
Q

___ are driven by coupling them to spontaneous reactions

A

Nonspontaneous reactions

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9
Q

___ is needed drive metabolism

A

An outside source of energy

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10
Q

___ are arranged in pathways

A

metabolic reactions

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11
Q

The different topologies for metabolic pathways

A

linear

circular

spiral

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12
Q

Metabolism =

A

Catabolism + Anabolism

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13
Q

larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones in a process that usually releases energy

A

Catabolism

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14
Q

larger molecules are made from small ones in a process the usually requires energy

A

Anabolism

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15
Q

one of the common links between catabolism and anabolism is ___

A

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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17
Q

is used to shuttle chemical energy from catabolism to anabolism

A

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

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18
Q

Large Molecules ___ + ___ Large Molecules

___ ) ( ___

Small molecules ___ Small Molecules

A

ADP + Pi

catabolism anabolism

                                  ATP
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19
Q

occurs in stages
occupies the center of the metabolic chart

A

catabolism

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20
Q

Draw the metabolic chart

A

Food
Triglycerides Carbohydrates Proteins

Fatty Acids + Glycerol Monosaccharides Amino Acids

Fatty Acid Oxidation Glycolysis Amino Acid Catabolism

                                             Pyruvate      

                                         Acetyl-COA

                                      Citric Acid Cycle 

                                  Reduced Coenzymes

                      Electron Transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
                                              
                                             ATP
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21
Q

is the first stage of metabolism in which large molecules are broken down into small molecules that can be absorbed into the blood by the small intestine

A

digestion

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22
Q

Most metabolism reactions are ___

A

hydrolysis reactions

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23
Q

Proteins are hydrolyzed into ___

A

amino acids

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24
Q

Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into ___

A

monosaccharides

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25
Q

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed into ___

A

fatty acids and glycerol

26
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glycolysis

Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

27
Q

Glucose + O2 ->

A

CO2 + H2O + energy

28
Q

___ is a series of 10 coupled reactions

A

Glycolysis

29
Q

The pathway starts with ___ that comes into a cell from
the blood and is immediately ___

A

glucose

phosphorylated to glucose-6-
phosphate

30
Q

The phosphorylation ___

A

traps the glucose in the cell

31
Q

The pathway then goes on to ___ and to ___

A

split (lyse) the the 6-carbon
glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules

oxidize these to α-keto acids (Pyruvic acid).

32
Q

The energy released in the pathway is used to produce ___

A

two types of energy rich molecules

33
Q

Two molecules of ADP are ___

A

phosphorylated to ATP

34
Q

Two molecules of NAD+ are ___

A

reduced to NADH/H+.

35
Q

glycolysis occurs in the ___

A

cytoplasm

36
Q

True or False: glycolysis is aerobic

A

False

It is anaerobic (no O2 needed)

37
Q

Glycolysis Step 1

A

Phosphorylation

38
Q

Glycolysis Step 2

A

Isomerization

39
Q

Glycolysis Step 3

A

Second Phosphorylation

40
Q

Glycolysis Step 4

A

Cleavage

41
Q

Glycolysis Step 5

A

Conversion of DHAP into GADP

42
Q

Glycolysis Step 6

A

Oxidation

43
Q

Glycolysis Step 7

A

Dephosphorylation

44
Q

Glycolysis Step 8

A

Phosphate Transfer

45
Q

Glycolysis Step 9

A

Dehydration

46
Q

Glycolysis Step 10

A

Second Dephosphorylation

47
Q

Phosphorylation

A

glucose (hexokinase)-> glucose-6-phosphate

48
Q

Isomerization

A

glucose-6-phosphate (phosphoglucoisomerase)-> fructose-6-phosphate

49
Q

Second Phosphorylation

A

fructose-6-phosphate (phosphofructokinase 1)-> fructose-, 6-biphosphate

50
Q

Cleavage

A

fructose-1, 6-biphosphate (fructose biphosphate aldolase)-> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(GADP or G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

51
Q

Conversion of DHAP into GADP

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) (triosephosphate isomerase)-> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GADP or G3P)

52
Q

Oxidation

A

glyceraldehyde-30phosphate (GADP or 3P) (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase NAD+ NADH inorganic phosphate) -> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate

53
Q

Dephosphorylation

A

1,3-biphosphoglycerate (phosphoglycerate kinase ADP->ATP)-> 3-phosphoglycerate

54
Q

Phosphate Transfer

A

3-phosphoglycerate (phosphoglycerate mutase)-> 2-phosphoglycerate

55
Q

Dehydration

A

2-phosphoglycerate (enolase)-> phosphoenolpyruvate

56
Q

Second Dephosphorylation

A

phosphoenolpyruvate (pyruvate kinase ADP->ATP)-> pyruvate

57
Q

How much ATP is spent during the preparatory phase?

A

2 ATP

58
Q

How many steps for glycolysis?

A

10 Steps

59
Q

Summarize the preparatory phase (first 5 steps)

A

glucose +2 ATP -> 2 GADP

60
Q

Summarize the payoff phase (last 5 steps)

A

2 GADP -> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP

CHEM233 Lec (12 decks)

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