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Human Form and Function > Chapter 10: Muscle Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Muscle Tissues Flashcards

1
Q 
The muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being
A. elastic
B. nonstriated
C. excitable
D. striated
A

D. Striated

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2
Q

Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?

sodium (Na+)
calcium (Ca++)
potassium (K+)
chloride (Cl-)

A

Calcium (Ca++)

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3
Q

Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?

A. excitability
B. the need for ATP
C. at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
D. elasticity

A

C. at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites

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4
Q

The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________.
A. fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril

B. filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle

C.muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril

D. myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle

A

filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle

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5
Q

Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.

the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate

the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate

the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate

the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge

A

the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate

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6
Q 
. In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
titin
troponin
myoglobin
tropomyosin
A

tropomyosin

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7
Q

According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________.
creatine phosphate levels rise

ATP levels rise

acetylcholine levels rise

calcium ion levels rise

A

calcium ion levels rise

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8
Q 
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
myofibril
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
myofilament
A

sarcolemma

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9
Q

Muscle relaxation occurs when ________.
calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________.
the myosin head binds to an ADP molecule

the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule

calcium ions bind to troponin

calcium ions bind to actin

A

the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule

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11
Q

Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________.

myofibrils
myofilaments
T-tubules
sarcomeres

A

sarcomeres

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12
Q

. During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension the greatest?

resting phase

repolarization phase

contraction phase

relaxation phase

A

contraction phase

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13
Q

Muscle fatigue is caused by ________.

buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels

exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels

buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels

exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levels

A

exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels

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14
Q

A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.

anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter

anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the marathon runner

aerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter

glycolysis in the muscles of the marathon runner

A

anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter

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15
Q

What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?

ATPase activity
phosphate bonds
carbon bonds
hydrogen bonds

A

phosphate bonds

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16
Q

Drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?

by absorbing ATP from the bloodstream

by using ADP as an energy source

by using glycogen as an energy source

none of the above

A

none of the above

17
Q

The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.

80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

A

80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

18
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

Fast fibers have a small diameter.

Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils.

Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.

Fast fibers have many mitochondria.

A

Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.

19
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.

Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin.

Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria.

Slow fibers contract for extended periods.

A

Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.

20
Q

Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they ________.
are striated

utilize aerobic metabolism

contain myofibrils

contain intercalated discs

A

contain intercalated discs

21
Q

. If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.

undergo glycolysis

synthesize ATP

stop contracting

start contracting

A

start contracting

22
Q 
Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
lack myofibrils
are under voluntary control
lack myosin
lack actin
A

lack myofibrils

23
Q

Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?

They are resistant to fatigue.

They have a rapid onset of contractions.

They cannot exhibit tetanus.

They primarily use anaerobic metabolism.

A

They are resistant to fatigue.

24
Q

From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue develop?

ganglion cells

myotube cells

myoblast cells

satellite cells

A

myoblast cells

25
Q

Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?

ganglion cells
myotube cells
myoblast cells
satellite cells

A

satellite cells

26
Q

Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle tissue?

A

It allows muscle to return to its original length during relaxation after contraction

27
Q

What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed?

A

Muscles would lose their integrity during powerful movements, resulting in muscle damage

28
Q

Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.

A

When a muscle contracts, the force of movement is transmitted through the tendon, which pulls on the bone to produce skeletal movement.

29
Q

Identify and characterize the four functions of all muscle tissue.

A

excitability.

contractility.

extensibility - they can be stretched.

elasticity - they return to normal length after stretching.

30
Q

Deep inward extensions of the sarcolemma form a tunnel which is like a network inside the muscle which is known as?
A. sarcomere
B. calcium
C. Transverse tubules (T tubules)

A

Transverse tubules (T tubules)

31
Q

What causes the unbinding and binding that makes sarcomeres contract and relax?

A

Myosin and action use calcium and ATP that causes binding and unbending

32
Q

A muscle contracting is all about what happening?

A

Sarcomeres contracting which brings the z-lines closer together

33
Q

What is muscle fatigue?

A

Inability of muscle to contract forcefully after prolonged activity

34
Q

What are three ways for muscle to produce ATP?

A
  • Creatine phosphate
  • Anaerobic cellular respiration
  • Aerobic cellular respiration
35
Q

What is autohymicity?

A

A unique feature of cardiac muscle cells. These cells are able to generate the action potential at a certain rate without any external stimulus

36
Q

What is a unique trait of cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs

37
Q

What protein doesnt belong in a thin filament?

A

Myosin

38
Q

What is atrophy

A

A loss in size and strength of muscle fibers

Human Form and Function (4 decks)

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