Review Questions for Chapter 12 Nervous Tissue and Nervous system

Question 1

Which of the following cavities contains a component of the central nervous system?
abdominal
pelvic
cranial
thoracic

Question 2

Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?
myelinated axons

neuronal cell bodies

ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves

bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system

Question 3

11. Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?
dendrites
soma
cell body
axon

Question 4

Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system?
nucleus
ganglion
tract
nerve

Question 5

. Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating)?
somatic
autonomic
enteric
central

Question 6

What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract?
oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
Schwann cell
satellite cell

Question 7

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
dendrite
soma
axon
synaptic end bulb

Question 8

Which of the following substances is least able to cross the blood-brain barrier?

water
sodium ions
glucose
white blood cells

Question 9

. What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?

microglia
astrocyte
Schwann cell
satellite cell

Question 10

What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin?

carbohydrates and lipids

proteins and nucleic acids

lipids and proteins

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

Question 11

If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?
light
sound
molecules
vibration

Question 12

Which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower?

skeletal muscle
spinal cord
thalamus
cerebral cortex

Question 13

How long does all the signaling through the sensory pathway, within the central nervous system, and through the motor command pathway take?

1 to 2 minutes

1 to 2 seconds

fraction of a second

varies with graded potential

Question 14

What is the target of an upper motor neuron?

cerebral cortex
lower motor neuron
skeletal muscle
thalamus

Question 15

What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?

sodium
chloride
potassium
phosphate

Question 16

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state?

resting potential

threshold

repolarization

overshoot

Question 17

What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?

increase in concentration of Na+ ions

binding of a neurotransmitter

increase in concentration of K+ ions

depolarization of the membrane

Question 18

What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?

physical stimulus
chemical stimulus
increase in resistance
decrease in resistance

Question 19

Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period?

+30 mV
0 mV
-45 mV
-80 mv

Question 20

Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest?

a thin, unmyelinated axon

a thin, myelinated axon

a thick, unmyelinated axon

a thick, myelinated axon

Question 21

How much of a change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potentials to result in an action potential being generated?
\+30 mV
\+15 mV
\+10 mV
-15 mV

Question 22

. A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this?
depolarizing
repolarizing
hyperpolarizing
non-polarizing

Question 23

. What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine

Question 24

What type of receptor requires an effector protein to initiate a signal?

biogenic amine
ionotropic receptor
cholinergic system
metabotropic receptor

Question 25

. Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with inhibition exclusively?

GABA
acetylcholine
glutamate
norepinephrine