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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue Flashcards

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0
Q

Properties of homeostasis

A

Excitability-stimuli
Contractility
Extensibility-stretch
Elasticity-return to original

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1
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Movement: walking&running
Stabilizing: posture
Moving substances: heart-blood & digestive tract
Generating heat: muscle=heat & shivering=heat

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2
Q

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular CT that surrounds muscles

A

Fascia

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3
Q

Three layers of CT

A

Epimysium-outermost
Perimysium-surrounds fascicles
Endomysium-separates muscle fibers

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4
Q

Cord that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Broad, flattened tendon (attaches muscles to structures as they move

A

Aponeurons

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6
Q

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles to contract

A

Somatic motor neurons

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7
Q

Muscle growth occurs by

Enlargement of existing muscle fibers

A

HYPERTROPHY

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8
Q

What hormones stimulate hypertrophy?

A

Testosterone & HGH

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9
Q

Retain capacity to regenerate damaged muscle fibers

A

Satellite cells

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10
Q

Plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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11
Q

Tunnels in from plasma membrane

Muscle AP travel through

A

T Tubules

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12
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle fibers

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q

Binds oxygen molecules

Red

A

Myoglobin

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14
Q

Used for synthesis of ATP

Sarcoplasm

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

Thread-like structures which have a contractile function

A

Myofibrils

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16
Q

Membranous sacs which encircle myofibril
Stores Ca+
Release of Ca+ triggers contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Function of the contractile process

A

Filaments

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18
Q

Two types of filaments

A

Myosin-thick

Actin-thin

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19
Q

Compartments of arranged filaments

Functional unit of a myofibril

A

Sarcomeres

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20
Q

Parts of a sarcomere

A 
Z discs
A band  
I band
H zone
M line
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21
Q

Separates one sarcomere from the next

A

Z discs

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22
Q

Darker middle part of sarcomere

Thick & thin filaments overlap one another

A

A band

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23
Q

Lighter, thin filaments

Z discs pass through

A

I band

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24
Center of A band | Contains thick filaments
H zone
25
Supports proteins that hold thick filaments together in H zone
M line
26
Regulatory protein components
Troponin | Tropomyosin
27
Contractile protein
Myosin | Actin
28
Switch contraction process off
Regulatory protein
29
Generate force during contraction
Contractile protein
30
Align thick & thin filaments properly
Structural protein
31
Two types of structural proteins
Titin | Dystrophin
32
Links thin filaments to the sarcolemma
Dystrophin
33
Stabilize position of myosin | Accounts for elasticity & extensibility of myofibrils
Titin
34
What are the 3 muscle proteins
Regulatory Contractile Structural
35
Ability to respond to stimuli
Excitability
36
Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated
Contractility
37
Ability to stretch w/o being damaged
Extensibility
38
Ability to return to original length
Elasticity
39
What event cause the release of calcium from the SR into the muscles cell
AP
40
What 2 structure are involved in a NMJ
Motor neurons | Muscles fibers
41
The forcefulness of a muscle contention depends on the _____ of the sarcomere
Length
42
Type of protein that provides a site where a myosin head can attach
Tropomyosin
43
During the sliding filaments mechanism which filament is pulled toward the center
Actin
44
Sacs that contain the neurotransmitter
Synaptic vesicles
45
Region of the NMJ that contains the neurotransmitter receptors
Motor end plate
46
Gap which the neurotransmitter is released
Synaptic cleft
47
ACh
Name of the neurotransmitter involved in a muscle contraction
48
Term for where communication occurs between the structures of a NMJ
Synapse
49
Which ion is most important in starting a muscle contraction
Ca+
50
List the 4 steps of the contraction cycle
ATP hydrolysis the Formation of cross bridges Power stroke Detachment
51
During the sliding filament mechanisms which two regions of a sarcomere change?
H zone | A band
52
List 2 things that can cause a muscle contraction to stop
ATP depletion | Ca++ depletion
53
List 3 things that affect muscle tension
Stretch Amount of nutrients & O2 Rate of nerve impulses
54
what is AChE
Acetylcholinestrase
55
What is AChE function?
Breaks down ACh
56
Toxin used for wrinkles
Botilum
57
How does botilum toxin interfere with muscle contraction
Blocks release of ACh
58
List the 3 different ways in which muscle fibers produce ATP
Creative phospate Anaerobic Aerobic
59
Number of ATP units produced during Creatine phosphate
1
60
Number of ATP units produced during Anaerobic
2
61
Number of ATP units produced during Aerobic
36
62
List 2 different sources that carry oxygen in muscles tissue
Hemoglobin | Myoglobin
63
Sugar in the body is stored in the form of
Glycogen
64
List 4 different factors that can contribute to muscle fatigue
Lack of Creatine phosphate Lack of ACh Lack of ATP Build up of lactic acid
65
List 4 different byproducts of aerobic respiration
CO2 H2O Heat ATP
66
Type of sugar found in the blood
Glycose
67
Term for the inability of a muscle to maintain the contraction after activity
Fatigue
68
Structure that consists of the motor neuron & all the fibers it stimulates
Motor unit

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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