Chapter 17 Special Senses Flashcards
(112 cards)
0
Q
Special senses
A
Smell, taste, vision, hearing, equillibrium
Specific locations in head
Distinct structures
Complex neural pathway
1
Q
General senses
A
Somatic & visceral sensations
Scattered
Simple structures
2
Q
Sense of smell
A
Olfaction
3
Q
Olfactory/smell receptors
A
Chemoreceptors
4
Q
Bipolar neuron with ____ called olfactory hairs
A
Cilia
5
Q
Olfactory organs are located
A
Upper nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae & nasal septum
6
Q
Supporting cells provide
A
Physical support, nourishment, insulation & detoxify chemicals
7
Q
Basal stem cells
A
Develop into olfactory receptor cells
Continuously divide
8
Q
Can detect about ___ odors
A
10,000
9
Q
Physiology of olfaction
A
Steps 1-10
10
Q
Sense of Tate
A
Gustation
11
Q
Where are taste buds found
A
Tongue, pharynx, soft palate & epiglottis
12
Q
Elevations of the tongue
A
Papillae
13
Q
Projects through taste pore
A
Gustatory hair
14
Q
Types of taste cell & location
A
Sweet- tip of tongue Sour-lateral edges Salty-tip & upper lateral portion Bitter-posterior Umami-posterior
15
Q
Taste impulses travel on what nerve pathways
A
Facial, glossy pharyngeal & vagus
16
Q
External ear consists of
A
Auricle (pinna)
External auditory meatus
17
Q
Rim of hear
A
Helix
18
Q
Eardrum/ skin covered membrane
A
Tympanic membrane
19
Q
Secretes earwax
A
Ceruminous gland
20
Q
Three auditory ossicles
A
Malleus-vibrates
Incus-passes vibrations
Stapes- position in oval window
21
Q
Connects middle ear to the nasopharynx to help maintain equal air pressure
A
Auditory tube
22
Q
Opening of inner ear to middle ear
A
Round window
23
Q
Muscles of ear
A
Tensor tympani & stapedius
24
Complex system of communicating chambers
Labyrinth
25
Inside membranous labyrinth
Endolymph
26
Lined with periosteum & contains peri lymph
Bony labyrinth
27
Series of epithelial sacs & tubes lining bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
28
Oval central portion of bony labyrinth
Vestibule
29
Membranous sacs in ampulla
Utricle & saccule
30
3 semicircular canals
Anterior posterior and lateral
31
Swollen enlargement found at end of semicircular canals
Ampulla
32
Separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli
Vestibular membrane
33
Separates cochlear duct from scala tympani
Basilar membrane
34
Organ of hearing, rests on the basilar membrane inside of cochlear duct
Spiral organ
35
Steps in the generation of sensory impulses from the ear
Steps 1-12
36
Help maintain the position of the head when the head and body are still
Static equilibrium organs
37
Gelatinous material (grains of calcium carbonate)
Otoliths
38
The lens or it's capsule become cloudy
Cataracts
39
An eye disorder that results from increased pressure in the anterior chamber that shut blood vessels that supply the receptor cells in the retina
Glaucoma
40
Double vision
Diplopia
41
Heightened sensitive to pain
Hyperalgesia
42
Inflammation of the middle ear
Otitis media
43
Ringing or buzzing noise in the ears
Tinnitus
44
Sensations of dizziness
Vertigo
45
Protects the eye from foreign objects & has 4 layers
Eyelid
46
4 layers of the eyelid
Skin
Muscles
Connective tissue
Conjunctiva
47
Muscles of the eyelid
Orbicularis oculi
| Elevator palpebrae superiorus
48
Closes the eyelids when it contracts
Orbicularis oculi
49
Raises the upper eyelid, helps open eye
Levator palpebrae superiorus
50
Mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids
Conjunctiva
51
Two small ducts drains tears into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
52
Empty into the medial corner of the eye
Lacrimal ducts
53
Produce & secrete tears continuously
Lacrimal glands
54
Function of tears
Lubricates
Cleanse
Antibacterial agent
55
Rotates eye upward and toward midline
Superiorus rectus
56
Rotates eye downward and toward midline
Inferiorus rectus
57
Rotates eye toward midline
Medial rectus
58
Rotates eye away from midline
Lateral rectus
59
Rotates eye downward and away from midline
Superior oblique
60
Rotates eye upward and away from midline
Inferior oblique
61
How big in diameter is the eye
2.5 cm
62
Few cells & no blood vessels
| Primary organ for refraction of light rays
Cornea
63
Optic nerve & blood vessels pierce
| Attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles
Sclera
64
what does the middle (vascular) tunic include
Choroid coat
Cillary body
Iris
65
Highly vascularized & darkly pigmented
Choroid coat
66
Functions of choroid coat
Nourishes tissues
| Keeps eye dark
67
Extends from choroid coat & forms ring around front of the eye
Cilliary body
68
Ability of the lens to adjust shape & facilitate focusing
Accommodation
69
Colored part of the eye
Iris
70
What is the anterior cavity filled with
Aqueous humor
71
Functions of aqueous humor
Maintain shape
| Nourish
72
The circular opening in the center of the iris
Pupil
73
Two groups of smooth muscles in iris
Circular set
| Radial set
74
Contains visual receptor cells
Retina
75
Largest posterior cavity of the eye is filled with
Vitreous humor
76
Functions of vitreous humor
Support internal parts of the eye
| Maintain shape
77
Light waves bend to be focused
Refraction
78
2 kinds of visual receptors
Rods & cones
79
Cones
Sharp images
Bright light
Color
80
Rods
Dim light
| Colorless
81
Light sensitive pigment in rods
Rhodopsin
82
Light sensitive pigments in cones
Isodopsins
83
All three sets stimulated
White
84
None stimulated
Black
85
Most sensitive to red light
Erythrolabe
86
Most sensitive to green light
Chlorolabe
87
Most sensitive to blue light
Cyanolabe
88
A snail shaped structure that contains a bony core and think bony shelves
Cochlea
89
The structure that opens to the round window
Scala tympani
90
Amplifies and transmits vibrations to the oval window
Stapes
91
Cranial nerve that is involved in the process of hearing
Vestibulocochlear
92
Lobe that sensory impulses for hearing are interpreted
Temporal
93
Range of frequencies hearing can detect
20-20,000
94
Opens to the oval window
Scala vestibuli
95
Hair cells have ___ which contact the tectorial membrane
Stereo cilia
96
Chamber that contains hearing receptors
Cochlear duct
97
Fluid found in the cochlea
| Similar ionic concentration to CSF
Peri lymph
98
Two different types of labyrinth
Bony
| Membranous
99
Organs of dynamic equilibrium
Cristae ampullans
100
Type of receptor found in joints, helps maintain equilibrium
Mechanoreceptors
101
Consists of hair cells & found in utricle & saccule
Macula
102
Helps maintain balance when head & body move
Dynamic
103
Helps maintain the position of the head when you are still
Static
104
Two components of rhodopsin
Opsin, protein, retinal
105
Muscles that make up iris & when they contract
Radial set-pupil dilates
| Circular set-pupil constriction
106
Watery fluid that fills anterior cavity
Aqueous humor
107
Muscle that holds the lens in place & changes it's shape
Ciliary muscle
108
Function of the cornea
Refraction
109
Structures that pierces the back of the eye
Blood vessels
| Optic nerve
110
Chamber found between iris & vitreous body
Posterior
111
Anatomical name for inner tunic
Retina
