Chapter 10 - Non-experimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies Flashcards
(41 cards)
Which research strategy produces a description of the relationship between 2 variables but does not attempt to explain the relationship?
nonexperimental strategy
How is data collected for a nonexperimental strategy?
Measure scores for 2 different groups of participants or for one group at 2 different times
Which research strategy attempt to produce a cause-and-effect explanation but fall shorts?
quasi-experimental strategy
How is data collected for a quasi-experimental strategy?
Measure before/after scores for one group that receives treatment and for a different group that does not receive the treatment
What is the distinction between a non-experimental and quasi-experimental strategy?
Non-experimental designs make little or no attempt to control threats to internal validity whereas quasi-experimental designs actively attempt to limit threats to internal validity.
Why is non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs different from an experimental design?
The different groups or treatment conditions are NOT created by manipulating an independent variable, instead, the groups are usually defined in terms of a specific participant variable (e.g., college graduate/no college) or in terms of time (e.g., before and after treatment
What are two general categories of non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs produced from the two methods of defining groups?
- Between-subjects designs, also known as nonequivalent group designs
- Within-subjects designs, also known as pre–post designs
What design makes no attempt to minimize threats to validity?
Non-experimental design
A study comparing self-esteem scores for children with a learning disability versus scores for children without a learning disability is an example of what kind of study design.
Non-experimental design
A researcher may want to compare student performance for a high school that encourages students to use their phones and tablets during class with student performance in a high school that bans the use of electronic device, what is the research design called?
A Nonequivalent group design
What is the definition of a nonequivalent group design?
A research study in which the different groups of participants are formed under circumstances that do not allow the researcher to control how people are assigned to groups because they already exist naturally
What type of research design is individual differences the primary interest?
Non-experimental Designs in Nonequivalent Groups
What is a differential research design?
A research design that simply compares preexisting groups
What research design is best for conducting a study between kids who group up in a 2 parent vs 1 parent household?
A differential research design
What is another name for a differential research design?
Ex post facto design
A Nonequivalent control group design is a…
type of nonequivalent group design that also using preexisting groups. One group serves in the treatment condition and the other group serves in the control condition.
EX. examing students that took this course and students who have not
A common example of the nonequivalent control group design is the…
posttest-only nonequivalent control group design.
What is the structure of a posttest-only nonequivalent control group design?
one group of participants is given a treatment and then is measured after the treatment (this is the posttest) – the scores for the treated group are then compared with the scores from a nonequivalent group that has not received the treatment
Pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design involves
adding a pretest that obtains measurements of both groups before the treatment is administered
Because pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design attempts to limit threats to internal validity, it is classified as…
quasi-experimental
For which of the following studies does the researcher not control which individuals are assigned to which group?
Nonequivalent group design
Which of the following is the primary threat to internal validity for nonequivalent group designs?
Individual differences between treatment groups
Which research design is used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?
Differential research design
Which of the following is the primary advantage of a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, in comparison to other nonequivalent group designs?
The pretest scores can help reduce the threat of individual differences between groups.
