Chapter 10: Personality

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

a pattern of enduring, distinctive:

-thoughts
-emotions
-behaviors

Question 2

What is the main determinant of personality development?

Answer 2

sex drive

Question 3

What does Id mean?

Answer 3

Your ‘Id’ is your animal instinct.
-also called the pleasure principle

Question 4

What is your ego?

Answer 4

-deals with the demands of reality
-reality principle

Question 5

What does superego mean?

Answer 5

Moral branch of personality
“Conscience”

Question 6

The iceberg analogy of human personality:

Answer 6

Top of the iceberg is ego
Middle is superego
And bottom is Id

Question 7

What are the defense mechanisms?

Answer 7

1. Denial (disbelieve present reality)
2. Displacement (shift feelings to new object)
3. Sublimation (transform vile to valuable)
4. Projection (attribute own faults to others)
5. Reaction Formation (experience opposite of actual desires)
6. Repression (forget the unacceptable)

Question 8

What is the pleasure stage for 0-18 months?

Answer 8

Oral Stage
-infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth

Question 9

What is the pleasure stage for 18-36 months?

Answer 9

Anal Stage
-child’s pleasure involves eliminative functions

Question 10

What is the pleasure stage for 3-6 years?

Answer 10

Phallic Stage (penis-shaped)
-child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals
-oedipal complex
-castration anxiety
-penis envy

Question 11

What is the pleasure stage for 6 years to puberty?

Answer 11

Latency Stage
-psychic “time out”
-interest in sexuality is repressed

Question 12

What is the pleasure stage for adolescence and adulthood?

Answer 12

Genital Stage
-sexual reawakening
-source of sexual pleasure is someone else

Question 13

What is Horney’s Sociocultural Approach?

Answer 13

-both sexes envy the attributes of the other
-need for security, not sex, is primary motivator

Question 14

What is Jung’s Analytical Theory?

Answer 14

-collective unconscious and archetypes

Question 15

What are the principles from behaviorism when working on social cognitive perspectives?

Answer 15

-reasoning
-beliefs about past/present/future
-self reflection
-interpretation of situation

Question 16

For the reciprocal determinism triangle, what’s at the top left side and right side?

Answer 16

Top of the triangle: behavior
Left: person and cognitive factors
Right: environment

Question 17

What did Walter Mischel create?

Answer 17

-Situationism
(Behavior and personality vary considerable across contexts)

Question 18

What is the CAPS Model of Personality?

Answer 18

-stability over time rather than across situations

-coherence: interconnections among cognitions and emotions affect our behavior