Chapter 10: Personality

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

unique attitudes, perspectives and emotions that define a person

Question 2

type a

Answer 2

work hard play hard; super conscious of deadlines; easily angered

Question 3

type b

Answer 3

relaxed, easygoing

Question 4

freud’s theory on personality

Answer 4

oral can lead to fixation; anal to retentive or expulsive; phallic to penis envy or castration anxiety

Question 5

anal-expulsive personality

Answer 5

messy, disorganized, stuck in anal stage

Question 6

anal-retentive personality

Answer 6

meticulously neat and organized

Question 7

fixation in the phallic stage

Answer 7

people who are unnecessarily sexually assured/aggressive; or consumed by perceived sexual inadequacies

Question 8

freud’s sections of personality

Answer 8

id, ego, superego

Question 9

id

Answer 9

is in the unconscious and contains life instincts (eros) and death instincts (thanatos)

Question 10

pleasure principle

Answer 10

id chases immediate gratification

Question 11

ego

Answer 11

mediates between internal id and external environment/superego

Question 12

superego

Answer 12

sense of right and wrong, conscience.

Question 13

reality principle

Answer 13

ego mediates between internal desires and external realities

Question 14

defense mechanisms

Answer 14

repression, denial, displacement, projection, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, intellectualization, sublimation

Question 15

repression

Answer 15

blocking thoughts out, “who is muffy?”

Question 16

denial

Answer 16

not accepting the ego-threatening truth; “we have a date next week,”

Question 17

displacement

Answer 17

redirecting emotions; anger at a teacher may be redirected to a classmate

Question 18

projection

Answer 18

insisting that your feelings for someone else are actually their feelings for you; muffy still loves me!

Question 19

reaction formation

Answer 19

saying the opposite of what you truly feel; i hate muffy!

Question 20

regression

Answer 20

regressing to an earlier, comforting behavior, like sleeping with a stuffed animal

Question 21

rationalization

Answer 21

coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable consequence; at least I can have free time or something

Question 22

intellectualization

Answer 22

undertaking academic study of a topic

Question 23

sublimation

Answer 23

channeling emotions to a different goal, devotes himself to doing other stuff

Question 24

Karen Horney & Nancy Chodorow

Answer 24

posited the idea of womb envy, or that men are jealous of women’s reproductive capabilities; and challenges the idea that men are superior to women or have stronger superegos

Question 25

Carl Jung

Answer 25

psychodynamic theorist; theorized personal and collective unconscious; personal unconscious contains repressed thoughts and memories; collective unconscious is the personality that's passed down in the culture

Question 26

Alfred Adler

Answer 26

downplayed importance of unconscious and played up the ego; inferiority is the fear of being inferior; superiority as desire to achieve

Question 27

trait theorists

Answer 27

believe that we can describe people through their personalities

Question 28

nomothetic approach

Answer 28

we can use all the same criteria to define personalities

Question 29

Raymond Cattell

Answer 29

16 factor personality test

Question 30

Hans Eyesenck

Answer 30

extraversion-intraversion; stable-unstable

Question 31

Paul Costa & Robert McCrae

Answer 31

5-factor personality test; extraversion, stability, aggreeableness, conscientiousness, openness

Question 32

idiographic theorists

Answer 32

each person is unique and we can't use the nomothetic approach

Question 33

Gordon Allport

Answer 33

posits that there are a small percentage of people that are defined by one trait, called cardinal dispositions; central dispositions also act a major part and secondary dispositions play a minor role

Question 34

Hippocrates

Answer 34

thought that personality was controlled by 4 humors: yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm

Question 35

William Sheldon's somatotype theory

Answer 35

endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs body type gives you a personality type

Question 36

BF Skinner

Answer 36

emphasized the role of environment in personality,

Question 37

reciprocal determinism

Answer 37

environment, traits and behavior interact and reinforce each other; i.e. reciprocal determinism

Question 38

self-efficacy

Answer 38

the degree to which you can expect to get things done; high self-efficacy means that you have a high self-esteem in terms of things you think you can do

Question 39

George Kelly

Answer 39

personal-construct theory & fundamental postulte

Question 40

personal construct theory

Answer 40

people view their worlds in terms of a series of opposites; fair-unfair, exciting-dull

Question 41

fundamental postulate

Answer 41

people act in terms of their constructs and by knowing their past actions we can predict their future actions

Question 42

bandura

Answer 42

self-efficacy

Question 43

Julian Rotter

Answer 43

theorized hte idea of locus of control

Question 44

internal locus of control

Answer 44

hard work leads to success, i determine my own future

Question 45

external locus of control

Answer 45

factors like luck and things determine our success

Question 46

third force

Answer 46

humanistic approach

Question 47

humanistic approach

Answer 47

rejects determinism and substitutes free will, our ability to choose our own actions; self concept, self-esteem

Question 48

self-concept

Answer 48

global view of how we perceive ourself

Question 49

unconditional positive regard

Answer 49

Carl Rogers's theory that we need unconditional acceptance in order to reach self actualization

Question 50

projective tests

Answer 50

like the rorschach inkblot tests, ask people to interpret random stimuli

Question 51

thematic approach test

Answer 51

TAT, giving cards with random scenes and asking them to describe it

Question 52

self-report inventories

Answer 52

surveys for people to evaluate themselves

Question 53

MMPI-2

Answer 53

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

Question 54

Barnum effect

Answer 54

there's a sucker born every minute, ability to see ourselves as stock descriptions of personality and fall prey to fortune tellers and astrologists