Chapter 10- Rogers

Question 1

What is Rogers’ system of therapy called?

Answer 1

client-centered therapy

Question 2

What is Roger’s theory of personality called?

Answer 2

Person-centered

Question 3

What is the actualization tendency?

Answer 3

Tendency of people to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials

Question 4

What is the formative tendency?

Answer 4

Tendency of all matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms

Question 5

A state of congruence exists when?

Answer 5

When the organismic (real) self, perceived self, and ideal self are in harmony

Question 6

Discrepancies between what two selves results in incongruence?

Answer 6

Self-concept and organismic self

Question 7

What are some defenses people use against experiences that threaten a self-concept?

Answer 7

Denial and distortion

Question 8

Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to what?

Answer 8

The actualizing tendency

Question 9

What are some barriers to psychological health?

Answer 9

Conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization

Question 10

What are maintenance motives ?

Answer 10

Homeostasis of basic biological needs and of the self-concept

Question 11

What are enhancement motives?

Answer 11

Need to develop and grow

Question 12

What are the three qualities a therapist must have in order to be a psychotherapist?

Answer 12

1. Congruence
2. Unconditional positive regard toward client
3. Empathy/empathetically listen to client

Question 13

Rogers was the first to _______ study the effects of therapy

Answer 13

Empirically

Question 14

What are two ways Rogers studied the effects of therapy?

Answer 14

1. Recording 2 min. segments and observing what people talked about in their sessions
2. Used the Q-Sort method to compare the ideal self and self-concept before and after therapy

Question 15

Rogers engaged in debates with who?

Answer 15

B.F. Skinner

Question 16

What was Rogers interested in as a child?

Answer 16

Farming

Question 17

Rogers was more concerned with ______ than finding out why people behaved

Answer 17

Helping people

Question 18

Describe the first stage of therapeutic change

Answer 18

-Client won’t speak about feelings openly and blame others for their pain

Question 19

Describe the second stage of therapeutic change

Answer 19

-Client discusses external events and others, but not their feelings

Question 20

Describe the third stage of therapeutic change

Answer 20

Client talks about themself, but as an object. They may talk about past feelings, but not present ones

Question 21

Describe the fourth stage of therapeutic change

Answer 21

Client begins to talk about deep feelings, but not ones presently felt. They begin to see the incongruence between their perceived and organismic experiences

Question 22

Describe the fifth stage of therapeutic change

Answer 22

Significant change and growth occurs, clients can express present feelings, though they haven’t accurately symbolized them. Begin to accept responsibility for their choices

Question 23

Describe the sixth stage of therapeutic change

Answer 23

Dramatic, irreversible growth and movement. Experiences no longer denied or distorted, base their behaviors on their organismic self. Experience positive self regard

Question 24

Describe the seventh stage of therapeutic change

Answer 24

Fully functioning “person of tomorrow”, able to generalize in-therapy experiences to the outside, are confident, congruent, and possess positive self regard at all times

Question 25

What are the negative consequences of conditions of worth?

Answer 25

We begin to believe that our worth is conditional, which distorts our perceptions making us estranged from our real self. It prevents us from being ourselves and doing the things we enjoy because others may not approve.

Question 26

How does anxiety and threat develop?

Answer 26

When we become aware of the incongruence between the organismic self and self-concept

Question 27

How does vulnerability develop?

Answer 27

When we have no awareness of the incongruence between organismic self and self concept

Question 28

Name and describe 3 conditions necessary for effective psychotherapy

Answer 28

Counselor congruence- therapist must be congruent in their organismic self and self-concept Unconditionally Positive Regard- Therapist must show the client that they support and like them unconditionally, not based on their worth Empathy- Therapist must show empathy toward their client. They can do this by using empathetic listening, a technique in which you paraphrase what the person you're talking to says to show you're listening.