Chapter 10 terms Flashcards
(18 cards)
Somatotrophs
Somatotrophs - secrete somatotropin (growth hormone; ↑ metabolic rates, stimulates liver cells to make somatomedins such as IGF)
Mammotrophs
produce prolactin
Thyotrophs
secrete thyrotropin
Gonadotrophs
secrete FSH and LH
ADH
retain water in kidneys
Oxytocin
Uterus contraction and myoepithelial contraction
Somatomedins
Somatotrophs - secrete somatotropin (growth hormone; ↑ metabolic rates, stimulates liver cells to make somatomedins such as IGF)
Pars nervosa
neurosecretory cells synthesize vasopressin (ADH), oxytocin (OT) and a carrier protein, neurophysin, that carries the hormones in the axons down to pars nervosa.
Pars distalis
Chromophils - Acidophils-BasophilsChromophobes - degranulated chromophilsFolliculostellate cells - function unknown.
NOT an endocrine gland; full of the termini of axons (nervous tissue)
Pituicytes
Pituicytes make up 25% of volume; similar to neuroglial cells
Thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin (Tg) acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Calcitonin
a peptide hormone that inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts, thereby ↓ calcium concentrations in blood
chief cells
Chief cells - most abundant, slightly eosinophilic cell; houses PTH containing secretory granules.
Oxyphils
the function is unknown, they are larger and have a more pale cytoplasm than chief cells
Catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are released as a response to stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic(cholinergic) nerves.
Spongiocytes
synthesizes and releases cortisol and corticosterone (fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis). Located in the zone fasciculata.
Brain sand
calcified elements that increase in number with age
Pinealocytes
synthesize melatonin; secretions governed by the light and darkness of the day (plays a role in the circadian rhythm); SAD
