Chapter 10 Test

Question 0

Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 0

Species

Question 1

Change in a species over time; process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Trace of an organism from the past

Answer 2

Fossil

Question 3

Theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped the Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

Answer 3

Catastrophism

Question 4

Principle that states that the change in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

Answer 4

Gradualism

Question 5

Theory that states that the geologic processes that shape the Earth are uniform through time

Answer 5

Uniformitarianism

Question 6

Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

Answer 6

Variation

Question 7

Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits

Answer 8

Artificial selection

Question 9

Ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next

Answer 9

Heritability

Question 10

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

Answer 10

Natural selection

Question 11

All of a species that live in the same area

Answer 11

Population

Question 12

Measure of an organisms ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population

Answer 12

Fitness

Question 13

Study of the distribution of organisms around the world

Answer 13

Biogeography

Question 14

Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

Answer 14

Homologous structure

Question 15

Body part that is similar in functions as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

Answer 15

analogous structure

Question 16

Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

Answer 16

Vestigial structure

Question 17

Study of fossils or extinct organisms

Answer 17

Paleontology