Chapter 10- The Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

• Detects changes
• Makes decisions
• Maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

• Main cell type
• React to changes
• Send impulses for communication

Question 3

Neuroglia

Answer 3

-Support neurons

Question 4

2 Cell Types

Answer 4

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 5

Nervous System: CNS, PNS

Answer 5

CNS:

• Brain
• spinal cord

PNS:

• Cranial Nerves
• Spinal Nerves

Question 6

Sensory Function

Answer 6

• Changes are detected

- Info is delivered for interpretation

Question 7

Integrative Function

Answer 7

• Uses sensory info

- Make decisions on response to sensory info

Question 8

Motor Function

Answer 8

• Decisions are acted upon

- Impulses are carried to effectors

Question 9

Cell Body (Soma)

Answer 9

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Organelles

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

Branched receptive surface

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters (ONLY 1 AXON)

Question 12

Schwann Cells

Answer 12

PNS neuroglia create myelin sheath and covers axon

Question 13

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 13

Gaps in myelin sheath

Question 14

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 14

• Destruction of myelin sheaths
• Scars are left behind
• Neurons stop conducting
• Muscles stop contracting and atrophy

Question 15

Multiple Sclerosis symptoms

Answer 15

FATIGUE
WEAK
NUMB LIMBS

Question 16

Sensory Neurons

Answer 16

Carry impulse to CNS

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

Link neurons in CNS

Question 18

Motor Neurons

Answer 18

-Carry impulses away from CNS and carry them to effectors

Question 19

General Functions of Neuroglia?

Answer 19

Provide structural support for neurons

Question 20

Astrocytes

Answer 20

• Connect neurons fo blood vessels
• Regulate ion concentrations
• Part of the Blood Brain Barrier(BBB)

Question 21

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

-Myelinate CNS Axons

Question 22

Microglia

Answer 22

-Phagocytic cell

Question 23

Satellite Cells

Answer 23

Support clusters of neurons

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Chemical that axon secretes into synapse.

Stimulate effector or neuron

Question 25

Hyperpolarization

Answer 25

Increase negativity of resting porential

Question 26

Repolarization

Answer 26

Membrane become more negative then resting potential

Question 27

Depolarization

Answer 27

- Membrane become less negative than the resting potential | - Na+ diffuse into cell

Question 28

Trigger zone

Answer 28

Sensitive part of axon where action potential is generated

Question 29

Neuron

Answer 29

Nerve cell

Question 30

Threshold Potential

Answer 30

Level of potential of which action potential is triggered in a neuron

Question 31

Action potential

Answer 31

Sequence of electrical changes in part of nerve cell or muscle cell exposed to stimulus.

Question 32

Resting potential

Answer 32

Stored electrical energy due to difference in electrical charge between in and out of nerve cell membrane

Question 33

Membrane potential

Answer 33

Stored electrical energy due to unequal distribution pf ions on the 2 side of membrane

Question 34

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 34

Neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron affecting the postsynaptic cell.

Question 35

Neurilemma

Answer 35

Living cellular layer from Schwann cells on exterior axon

Question 36

Myelin

Answer 36

Lipid material that forms sheath covering around axon

Question 37

Pre synaptic neuron

Answer 37

Send impulse

Question 38

Post synaptic neuron

Answer 38

Receives impulse

Question 39

Polarized

Answer 39

At rest | Inside is negative compared to outside

Question 40

Refractory period

Answer 40

Axon not able to respond | Period following stimulus

Question 41

Absolute

Answer 41

Stimulus can’t generate another action

Question 42

Relative

Answer 42

High intensity stimulus generate another action potential

Question 43

THREE GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 43

- Sensory - integrative - motor

Question 44

Somatic

Answer 44

Voluntary

Question 45

Autonomic

Answer 45

Involuntary

Question 46

Myelinated axons

Answer 46

Has myelin sheath

Question 47

Unmyelinated axons

Answer 47

Do not have myelin axon

Question 48

Ependymal cells

Answer 48

Regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CF)

Question 49

Dopamine

Answer 49

Makes you feel happy