Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of nerve cells

Question 2

Afferent nerve

Answer 2

Carries messages TOWARD brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 3

Middle layer of three membranes (meninges) that surround brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Astrocyte

Answer 4

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Nerves that control INVOLUNTARY body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Microscopic fibre that carries the nervous impulses along a nerve cell

Question 7

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 7

Protective separation that makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter brain

Question 8

Brainstem

Answer 8

Posterior portion of brain connecting cerebrum with spinal cord; contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 9

Cauda equina

Answer 9

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

Part of cell containing nucleus

Question 11

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 11

Brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Cerebellum

Answer 12

Posterior part of brain; coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Question 13

Cerebral cortex

Answer 13

Outer region of cerebrum containing sheets of nerve cells; grey matter of brain

Question 14

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 14

Circulates throughout brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

Largest part of brain; responsible for VOLUNTARY muscular activity, vision, speech, hearing, thought, memory

Question 16

Cranial nerves

Answer 16

Twelve pairs of nerves carrying messages TO and FROM brain with regard to head and neck

Question 17

Dendrite

Answer 17

Microscopic branching fibre of nerve cell; first to receive nervous impulse

Question 18

Dura mater

Answer 18

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Efferent nerve

Answer 19

Carries messages AWAY from brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

Question 20

Ependymal cell

Answer 20

Glial cell; lines membranes w/in brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Ganglion

Answer 21

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 22

Glial cell

Answer 22

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses
Can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons

Question 23

Gyrus

Answer 23

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and secretions from the pituitary gland

Question 25

Medulla oblongata

Answer 25

Part of brain above spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibres cross over here

Question 26

Meninges

Answer 26

Three protective membranes that surround brain and spinal cord

Question 27

Microglial cell

Answer 27

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

Question 28

Midbrain

Answer 28

Uppermost portion of the brain stem

Question 29

Motor nerve

Answer 29

Carries messages AWAY from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

Question 30

Myelin sheath

Answer 30

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell; speeds impulse conduction along axons

Question 31

Nerve

Answer 31

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibres (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

Question 32

Neuron

Answer 32

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

Question 33

Neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Chemical messenger releases at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve, muscle or gland cell

Question 34

Oligodendroglial call

Answer 34

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

Question 35

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 35

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 36

Parenchyma

Answer 36

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system

Question 37

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 37

Brains outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves

Question 38

Pia mater

Answer 38

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

Question 39

Plexus

Answer 39

Large, interlacing networks of nerves

Question 40

Pons

Answer 40

Part of brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain; a bridge connecting various parts of brain

Question 41

Receptor

Answer 41

Organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on the afferent nerves; skin, ears, eyes and tastes buds

Question 42

Sciatic nerve

Answer 42

Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot

Question 43

Sensory nerve

Answer 43

Carries messages TOWARDS the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve

Question 44

Spinal nerves

Answer 44

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Question 45

Stimulus

Answer 45

Agent of change (light, sound, pain, etc) in the internal or external environment that provokes a response

Question 46

Stroma

Answer 46

Connective and supportive tissue of an organ

Question 47

Sulcus

Answer 47

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

Question 48

Sympathetic nerves

Answer 48

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntary in times of stress

Question 49

Synapse

Answer 49

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

Question 50

Thalamus

Answer 50

Main relay centre of brain; conducts impulses between spinal cord and cerebrum, incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerembrum