Chapter 11 1-37

Question 1

(AD) is a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.

Answer 1

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

a memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences.

Answer 2

amnesia

Question 3

also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

Answer 3

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 4

a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery.

Answer 4

anesthesiologist

Question 5

the medication used to induce anesthesia

Answer 5

anesthetic

Question 6

a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician, for example, a nurse anesthetist.

Answer 6

anesthetist

Question 7

the temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis of the face, only on the affected side.

Answer 7

Bell’s palsy

Question 8

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery

Answer 8

carotid ultrasonography

Question 9

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve.

Answer 9

causalgia

Question 10

is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 10

central nervous system

Question 11

the bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull.

Answer 11

cerebral contusion

Question 12

(CP) is a group of disorders characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum.

Answer 12

cerebral palsy

Question 13

A stroke is properly known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A CVA is brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel either is blocked or has ruptured.

Answer 13

cerebrovascular accident

Question 14

the largest and uppermost portion of the brain.

Answer 14

cerebrum

Question 15

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region.

Answer 15

cervical radiculopathy

Question 16

the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.

Answer 16

cognition

Question 17

a profound (deep) state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech.

Answer 17

coma

Question 18

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain.

Answer 18

concussion

Question 19

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain.

Answer 19

cranial hematoma

Question 20

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations.

Answer 20

delirium

Question 21

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes.

Answer 21

dementia

Question 22

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges. Dura means hard, and mater means mother.

Answer 22

dura mater

Question 23

(EEG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp.

Answer 23

electroencephalography

Question 24

an inflammation of the brain, can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies.

Answer 24

encephalitis

Question 25

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.

Answer 25

epidural anesthesia

Question 26

a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity.

Answer 26

epilepsy

Question 27

a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system (plural, ganglia or ganglions). Note: The term ganglion also describes a benign, tumor-like cyst.

Answer 27

ganglion

Question 28

also known as a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.

Answer 28

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 29

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 29

hydrocephalus

Question 30

a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

Answer 30

hyperesthesia

Question 31

the most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of an artery.

Answer 31

ischemic stroke

Question 32

a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy.

Answer 32

lethargy

Question 33

also referred to as infectious meningitis, is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 33

meningitis

Question 34

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.

Answer 34

meningocele

Question 35

which may be preceded by a warning aura, is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head.

Answer 35

migraine headache

Question 36

(MS) is a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath.

Answer 36

multiple sclerosis

Question 37

the protective covering made up of glial cells.

Answer 37

myelin sheath