Chapter 11

Question 1

What is the fundamental difference between states of matter?

Answer 1

Intermolecular forces

Question 2

What is average kinetic energy related too

Answer 2

Temperature

Question 3

Condensed phases

Answer 3

Liquids and solids

Question 4

What is a dipole?

Answer 4

Concentration of positive electric charge is separated from a concentration of negative charge

Question 5

How do you measure the polarity of a molecule

Answer 5

Dipole moment (u)

Question 6

How to tell if a molecule is polar ?

Answer 6

-contains polar bonds
-bond dipoles don’t cancel

Question 7

Dispersión forces (London dispersion forces)

Answer 7

Temporary polarity due to unequal distribution of electrons

Question 8

How to determine size of the induced dipole ?

Answer 8

*Polarizability of the electrons
-Volume of electron cloud
-Large molar mass
*shape of molecule
-more sour face to surface contact

Question 9

Polar Molecules

Answer 9

Have permanent dipole
Raise boiling points and melting points relative to polar molecules of similar size and shape.

Question 10

Dipole Dipole interactions

Answer 10

Polar molecules

Question 11

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 11

Hydrogen atom covalently bonded specifically to N,O, and F

Question 12

Ion Dipole Interactions

Answer 12

Found in solutions of ions

Question 13

Viscosity

Answer 13

Resistance of a liquid to flow , ease with molecules can move past each other, higher viscosity means higher forces

Question 14

Surface tension

Answer 14

-Tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area
-Surface behave differently than interior
-Stronger the intermolecular forces higher surface tension
-Temperature has and inverse relationship with surface tension

Question 15

Capillary action (cohesion and adhesion )

Answer 15

The ability of liquid to flow up a thin tube against the influence of gravity

Question 16

Cohesión

Answer 16

Forces holding the liquid together (n)

Question 17

Adhesión

Answer 17

Forces attracted out liquid to the tube surface
U

Question 18

Meniscus

Answer 18

The curving of the liquid surface due to the competition adhesive and cohesive forces

Question 19

Phase change

Answer 19

Conversions from one state of matter to another

Question 20

Heat of fusion

Answer 20

Energy required to change solid to liquid , as melting point

Question 21

Heat of vaporization

Answer 21

Energy required to change a liquid to gas , boiling point

Question 22

Heat of sublimation

Answer 22

Energy required to change solid directly to gas

Question 23

Tempt vs. heat
during a phase

Answer 23

Heating curve
-during a phase change temp does not rise

Question 24

Within a phase change in temp

Answer 24

Q=MCAT

Question 25

During a phase change at constant temp

Answer 25

Q=nC

Question 26

Heat capacity

Answer 26

-heat absorbed directionally proportional to temperature , mass, and specific heat

Question 27

Liquid gas Equilibrium

Answer 27

Liquid molecules evaporate and vapor molecules condense at the same rate

Question 28

Vapor pressure

Answer 28

Pressure exerted by the vapor on the liquid

Question 29

Factors affecting Vapor pressure

Answer 29

Higher T —-> higher P Weaker forces —-> higher P

Question 30

Boiling point

Answer 30

Liquid is at the temp at which vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure

Question 31

Normal boiling point

Answer 31

The temp which the vapor pressure is 760 torr

Question 32

The Clausius clapeyron equation

Answer 32

Ln(P1/P2)=(deltaHeatvap/R) [1/T2-1/T1]

Question 33

Phase diagram

Answer 33

Is a graph showing states of matter under conditions of temperature and pressure.

Question 34

Supercritical fluid

Answer 34

Gas and liquid have the same properties

Question 35

Critical temperature

Answer 35

Tempt required to produce supercritical fluid

Question 36

Critical pressure

Answer 36

The pressure at the critical temp

Question 37

Triple point

Answer 37

All 3 phases at in equilibrium