Chapter 11 & 12 - Circulatory System

Question 1

Blood is specialized connective tissue how?

Answer 1

Contains cells & platelets, soluble protein, suspended within a liquid matrix (plasma)

Question 2

Functions of blood:

Answer 2

Transportation - oxygen, nutrients, and waste
Regulation - Body temp, buffers pH
Protection - immune cells (WBC)

Question 3

liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, ions, dissolved, gasses, waste

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

Blood composition:

Answer 4

Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells

Question 5

Make up 45% of blood

Answer 5

red blood cells

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

What is the shape of a red blood cell?

Answer 7

biconcave disc

Question 8

Do red blood cells have nuclei?

Answer 8

No, but they have few organelles. Mostly a sack of protein hemoglobin

Question 9

protein that carries oxygen

Answer 9

hemoglobin

Question 10

Leukocytes

Answer 10

White blood cells

Question 11

What are the functions of white blood cells?

Answer 11

House keeping - remove damaged/abnormal cells

Immune cells - warriors against disease

Question 12

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 12

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

Question 13

Type of white blood cell:
contain granules – secretory structures filled with cell-destroying chemicals.
Neutrophils

Answer 13

Granulocyte

Question 14

Type of white blood cell:

lack large granules

Answer 14

Agranulocyte

Question 15

Phaygocytosis

Answer 15

eat

Question 16

Contain toxins against parasitic worms

Answer 16

eosinophils

Question 17

Release histamine – chemicals that attract WBC causing inflammation

Answer 17

basophils

Question 18

specific immunity cells associated with your adaptive immune response

Answer 18

lymphocytes

Question 19

B cells

Answer 19

produce antibodies - proteins that recognize antigens

Question 20

T cells

Answer 20

cellular defense

Question 21

Specific molecules on invading cells

Answer 21

antigens

Question 22

ABO Blood Types review

Answer 22

Type A = A Proteins
Type B = B Proteins
Type AB = A & B Proteins
Type O = No blood typing proteins

Question 23

Blood type is based on what?

Answer 23

presence of surface proteins on RBC

Question 24

identify antigens on blood cells if it’s a different blood type it’ll attack it

Answer 24

antibodies

Question 25

Based on presence/absence of surface antigen on RBC

Answer 25

Rh factor

Question 26

No Rh factor

Answer 26

Rh-

Question 27

Later pregnancies are potentially problematic if the baby has a different blood Rh factor, why?

Answer 27

The mother's cells will try to attack the baby's blood cells that are different to hers and can hurt the mother

Question 28

What type of blood can a A+ patient receive during transfusion?

Answer 28

A or O either + or -

Question 29

The cardiovascular system includes:

Answer 29

Heart Blood vessels Lungs

Question 30

conduct blood; arranged as branching networks

Answer 30

blood vessels

Question 31

carry blood away from the heart

Answer 31

ateries

Question 32

carry blood towards the heart

Answer 32

veins

Question 33

sites of exchange between blood and cells

Answer 33

capillaries

Question 34

List the order of blood circulation:

Answer 34

``` Heart Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein ```

Question 35

Sites of nutrient and gas exchange between blood and insterstitial fluids

Answer 35

Capillaries

Question 36

List some characteristics of the heart:

Answer 36

70 contractions per minute. Varies per person Pumps ~5 liters per minute, ~2500 gallons/day Comprised of two separate pumps: right side pumps blood to lungs and left side pumps blood to rest of the body

Question 37

Cardiac muscle cells are packed tightly together with ________ membranes

Answer 37

interweaved

Question 38

major cause of death in the U.S.

Answer 38

Cardiovascular disease

Question 39

Hypertension

Answer 39

high blood pressure

Question 40

yellow hardening of arteries

Answer 40

atherosclerosis

Question 41

Factors to decrease getting cardiovascular disease:

Answer 41

``` Do not smoke Exercise regularly Control weight Eat moderately Eat real food ```

Question 42

Buildup of fatty substance in arterial walls (LDL) Low density lipoprotein ▪ Blockage associated with a complex inflammatory response (white blood cells)

Answer 42

Coronary artery disease

Question 43

The lymphatic system returns ________ fluids back to bloodstream

Answer 43

interstitial

Question 44

The lymphatic system focuses its role in protecting against ________-causing organisms

Answer 44

disease

Question 45

The lymphatic system returns products of fat digestion from ________ ________ to bloodstream

Answer 45

small intestine

Question 46

What is lymph?

Answer 46

fluid

Question 47

things that are carrying flows of lymphatic fluid

Answer 47

lymphatic vessels

Question 48

Filters lymph; Lymph flows through at least one node before returning to bloodstream Packed with macrophages and lymphocytes

Answer 48

lymph nodes

Question 49

Why is the spleen important in the Lymphatic System?

Answer 49

It is the site of lymphocyte production and it removes old blood cells, microorganisms, and debris

Question 50

T cell maturation

Answer 50

Thymus