Chapter 11 & 12 - Nutrition In Pt. Care

Question 1

What are the 2 potential risk factors for becoming malnourished?

Answer 1

Primary: inadequate nutrient intake

Secondary: caused by disease or iatrogenic effects

Question 2

Iatrogenic malnutrition?

Answer 2

Caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures

Screenings and monitoring helps identify patients at risk

Question 3

Anthropometric Assessment?

Answer 3

• simple noninvasive techniques
  - height
  - weight
  - head circumference
  - skinfold thickness
• BMI (normal = 18.5-24.9)

Question 4

Biochemical Assessment?

Answer 4

• Most important indicators
  - visceral pain status
  - immune function

Question 5

Clinical assessment?

Answer 5

• Sources of data
  - medical history
  - social history
  - physical exam
• features associated with nutritional deficiencies

Question 6

Dietary intake assessment?

Answer 6

• 24-hour recall
• food records
• kcal counts

Question 7

Nutritional Assessment involves What?

(A, B, C, D)

Answer 7

• Anthropometric Assessment
• Biochemical Assessment
• Clinical Assessment
• Dietary intake Assessment

Question 8

What age groups have a moderate Nutritional Risk?

Answer 8

• Adults age 65-75

- children over age 5

Question 9

What age groups have a high Nutritional Risk?

Answer 9

• 75yrs and older

- children under 5yrs of age

Question 10

Examples of Basic Hospital Diets?

Answer 10

• Clear liquid diet
• Full liquid diet
• Mechanically altered diet
• Soft diet
• Regular / General diet

Question 11

What are examples of feeding modalities?

Answer 11

• NPO
• alternate route
• clear liquid diet

Question 12

What kind of diet is inadequate in energy and almost all nutrients except water?

Answer 12

Clear liquid diet

Question 13

What kind of diet should not be used for more than 24 hours?

Answer 13

Clear liquid diet

Question 14

Relationship to hospital malnutrition occurs with what type of diet?

Answer 14

Clear liquid diet

Question 15

A Full Liquid Diet is what?

Answer 15

Foods that are liquid at room temperature

Question 16

What kind of diet can supply ADEQUATE energy and nutrients?

Answer 16

Full Liquid Diet

Question 17

What is a safety concern with a Full Liquid Diet?

Answer 17

Avoid use of raw eggs

Question 18

What kind of diet is concerned with high saturated fats and cholesterol?

Answer 18

Full Liquid Diet

Question 19

Mechanically Altered Diets are what?

Answer 19

• chopped
• ground
• mashed
• puréed

Question 20

Mechanically Altered Diets are used for what types of patients?

Answer 20

Patients with chewing or swallowing difficulties

Question 21

What is important to remember about Mechanically Altered Diets?

Answer 21

Food consistency altered only to the degree needed

Question 22

What do soft diets consist of?

Answer 22

Whole Foods low in fiber and lightly seasoned

Question 23

What kind of diet is considered a “transition diet” ?

Answer 23

Soft diet

Question 24

What is the typical order of diet progression?

Answer 24

Clear—> soft—> normal

Question 25

What diet serves as the basis for modified diets?

Answer 25

Regular or general diet

Question 26

Enteral Nutrition?

Answer 26

Enteral feeding by tube

Question 27

Enteral feeding by tube is appropriate when what?

Answer 27

When the gut is functioning

Question 28

What are Enteral feeding routes?

Answer 28

- nasogastric - nasoduodenal - nasojejunal - esophagostomy - gastrostomy - jejunostomy - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

Question 29

Methods of Enteral nutrition administration?

Answer 29

- Continuous - intermittent (delivering food @ same rate) - bolus (no pump?)

Question 30

Feeding tubes used for a short duration are placed how?

Answer 30

Nonsurgical placement

Question 31

Feeding tubes that are used for a long duration are placed how?

Answer 31

Surgical placement

Question 32

Enteral feeding tube placement must be confirmed with what?

Answer 32

CXR

Question 33

Parenteral Nutrition?

Answer 33

Energy and Nutrients delivered via IV (directly into the vein)

Question 34

Parenteral Nutrition does what?

Answer 34

Provides nutrients to patients who can’t or won’t eat and tube feedings are contraindicated

Question 35

Parenteral Nutrition doesn’t require what?

Answer 35

DONT need a functioning gut | Bypasses it and goes directly into vein

Question 36

Components of Parenteral Nutrition solutions?

Answer 36

- carbohydrates - amino acids - fats - total nutrient admixtures: 3 in 1 system - electrolytes - vitamins - trace elements - bioactive substances

Question 37

What monitoring should you do for parenteral Nutrition?

Answer 37

- Lab work | - Weight

Question 38

What is the most common complication of Parenteral Nutrition?

Answer 38

Pneumothorax

Question 39

What is the most common metabolic complication of Parenteral Nutrition?

Answer 39

Hyperglycemia

Question 40

What is the most extreme type of nutrition?

Answer 40

Parenteral

Question 41

What is the order of transitional feedings?

Answer 41

Parenteral —> oral or tube feeding

Question 42

Long periods of PN without enteral feedings result in what?

Answer 42

Atrophy of the GI tract