Chapter 11

Question 1

Simplest carbohydrates

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

monosaccharides

Answer 2

Dihydroxyacetone, D-Glyceraldehyde, L-Glyceraldehyde

Question 3

Disasterioisomers can exist in

Answer 3

2^n forms where n= # of asymmetric carbons

Question 4

isomers

Answer 4

same molecular formula but different structure

Question 5

constitutional isomers

Answer 5

differ in the order of attachment of atoms

Question 6

stereisomers

Answer 6

atoms are connected in the same order but differ in spatial arrangment

Question 7

enantisomers

Answer 7

nonsuperiopsable mirror images

Question 8

diasterisoers

Answer 8

isomers that are not mirror images

Question 9

epimers

Answer 9

differ at one of several asymmetric carbon atoms

Question 10

anomers

Answer 10

isomers that differ at a new asymmetric carob atom formed on ring closure

Question 11

D or L based on

Answer 11

conformation of the C farthest away from the keto or aldehyde group

Question 12

Open chain form

Answer 12

fischer

Question 13

cyclical form

Answer 13

haworth

Question 14

α just means that t

Answer 14

aomeric –OH group is on the OPPPOSITE side of the
sugar as C6

Question 15

pyran

Answer 15

5 C ring

Question 16

furan

Answer 16

4 C ring

Question 17

Reducing sugars

Answer 17

carbohydrate that is oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent (an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing aldehydes but not alcohols)

Question 18

reducing sugars are

Answer 18

galactose, glucose and fructose

Question 19

monosaccharides can be joined to alcohols or amines via

Answer 19

glycosidic bonds (can be O or N)

Question 20

key in energy generation and biosynthesis

Answer 20

phosphorylated sugars

Question 21

phosphorylated sugars examples

Answer 21

Glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P), DHAP, GAP

Question 22

Monosaccharides can be linked to form

Answer 22

polysaccharides

Question 23

Most common disaccharides

Answer 23

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose

Question 24

Storage forms of glycose

Answer 24

glycogen and starch

Question 25

Starch is the same as Glycogen with 2 differences:

Answer 25

Consists of either Amylose or Amylopectin

Question 26

Amylose

Answer 26

= only a-1,4 linkages and is linear

Question 27

Amylopectin

Answer 27

mostly a 1,4, but 1/30 residues contains a a-1,6 so branches, but less so than glycogen

Question 28

you’ll get an α-1,6 linkage resulting in branching every

Answer 28

every 1 in 10 sugars

Question 29

Carbohydrates can be linked to proteins

Answer 29

Glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and mucins

Question 30

Glycoproteins

Answer 30

mostly Protein by weight

Question 31

Fuc

Answer 31

fucose

Question 32

gal

Answer 32

galactose

Question 33

proteoglycans

Answer 33

mostly carbohydrate by weight and typically serve structural roles.

Question 34

Aggrecan proteins

Answer 34

: Made up of 3 globular domains with a long stretch of repetitive seq. b/w domains 2 and 3

Question 35

Aggrecan carb.

Answer 35

Sequence b/w G2 and G3 serve as attachment points for Chondroitin sulfate & Keratan sulfate

Question 36

Many aggrecan proteoglycans can non-covalently bind to

Answer 36

Hyaluronate

Question 37

Mucins

Answer 37

Extensively glycosylated at s/T residues by N-acetylglucosamine

Question 38

Mucins have

Answer 38

a VNTR region

Question 39

Glycosylation happens in the

Answer 39

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Clycoproteins present on

Answer 40

surface of red blood cells

Question 41

A antigen

Answer 41

has Galactosamine

Question 42

B antigen

Answer 42

Galactose