chapter 11 + 12.4

Question 1

process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Answer 1

cell division

Question 2

cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of new organism

Answer 2

Sexual reproduction

Question 3

A single parent that results an offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Answer 3

Asexual reproduction

Question 4

Thread like structure within the nucleus that contains genetic info that is passed on from one generation to the next

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consist of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

series of events in which a cell grows prepares for division and divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 6

Cell cycle

Question 7

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions where the cell grows

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

Part of eukaryotic cell division where the cell nucleus divides

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Division of cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

Half identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 10

Chromatid

Question 11

Where two sister chromatids attach

Answer 11

centromere

Question 12

structure in an animal cell that organized cell division

Answer 12

centriole

Question 13

first and longest phase of mitosis in which genetic material of the nucleus condenses and chromosomes become visible

Answer 13

prophase

Question 14

Second phase; chromosomes lineup across center of cell

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

third phase; chromosomes, separate, and move to opposite cell ends

Answer 15

Anaphase

Question 16

Fourth phase; inked individual chromosomes spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Answer 16

telophase

Question 17

One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate growth and division of cells

Answer 17

Growth factor

Question 18

One of the family of proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

cyclin

Question 19

Process of program cell death

Answer 19

apoptosis

Question 20

Disorder in which some of the body cells lose the ability to control growth

Answer 20

Cancer

Question 21

Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

Answer 21

Tumor

Question 22

Developing stage of a multicellular organism

Answer 22

Embryo

Question 23

Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 23

Differentiation

Question 24

cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the embryonic membranes and placenta)

Answer 24

totipotent

Question 25

stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells

Answer 25

Blastocyst

Question 26

cells that are capable of develop into most, but not all of the body cell types

Answer 26

pluripotent

Question 27

Unspecialized so that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells

Answer 27

Stem cell

Question 28

cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells

Answer 28

multipotent

Question 29

Refers to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one that comes from the female parent

Answer 29

Homologous

Question 30

Refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Answer 30

Diploid

Question 31

refers to a cell that contains only a single set of genes

Answer 31

Haploid

Question 32

Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes and a diploid cell

Answer 32

meiosis

Question 33

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis

Answer 33

tetrad

Question 34

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Answer 34

Crossing over