Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

the basic unit of matter

A

atom

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2
Q

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

A

nucleus

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3
Q

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

A

electron

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4
Q

pure substance that consists entirely of 1 type of atom

A

element

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5
Q

1 of several forms of a single element, which contains the same # of protons but differerent #’s of neutrons

A

isotope

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6
Q

substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions

A

compound

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7
Q

chemical bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another

A

ionic bond

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8
Q

atom that has a + or – charge

A

ion

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9
Q

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

A

covalent bond

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10
Q

smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

A

molecule

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11
Q

slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

A

van der waals forces

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12
Q

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

A

hydrogen bond

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13
Q

attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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14
Q

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

A

adhesion

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15
Q

material composed of 2 or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined

A

mixture

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16
Q

type of mixture in which all the compounds are evenly distributed

17
Q

substance that is dissolved in a solution

18
Q

dissolving substance in a solution

19
Q

mixture of water and nondissolved material

20
Q

scale with values from 0-14 used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; pH of 0-7= acidic, 7 is neutral, and 7-14= basic

21
Q

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

22
Q

a compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

23
Q

a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

24
Q

amount of energy needed to raise a substance’s temperature by making its molecules move faster

A

heat capacity

25
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
monomer
26
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
polymer
27
compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
carbohydrate
28
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes
lipid
29
subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide
30
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleic acid
31
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
protein
32
compound with an amino group on 1 end and a carbon group on the other end
amino acid
33
process that changes/transforms 1 set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
chemical reaction
34
elements/compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
reactant
35
elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction
product
36
energy that is needed to get a reaction started
activation energy
37
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
catalyst
38
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme
39
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
substrate