Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

the basic unit of matter

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Answer 3

electron

Question 4

pure substance that consists entirely of 1 type of atom

Answer 4

element

Question 5

1 of several forms of a single element, which contains the same # of protons but differerent #’s of neutrons

Answer 5

isotope

Question 6

substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 6

compound

Question 7

chemical bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another

Answer 7

ionic bond

Question 8

atom that has a + or – charge

Answer 8

ion

Question 9

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Answer 9

covalent bond

Question 10

smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Answer 10

molecule

Question 11

slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Answer 11

van der waals forces

Question 12

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Answer 12

hydrogen bond

Question 13

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 13

cohesion

Question 14

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Answer 14

adhesion

Question 15

material composed of 2 or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined

Answer 15

mixture

Question 16

type of mixture in which all the compounds are evenly distributed

Answer 16

solution

Question 17

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 17

solute

Question 18

dissolving substance in a solution

Answer 18

solvent

Question 19

mixture of water and nondissolved material

Answer 19

suspension

Question 20

scale with values from 0-14 used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; pH of 0-7= acidic, 7 is neutral, and 7-14= basic

Answer 20

pH scale

Question 21

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Answer 21

acid

Question 22

a compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

Answer 22

base

Question 23

a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

Answer 23

buffer

Question 24

amount of energy needed to raise a substance’s temperature by making its molecules move faster

Answer 24

heat capacity

Question 25

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Answer 25

monomer

Question 26

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Answer 26

polymer

Question 27

compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Answer 27

carbohydrate

Question 28

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes

Answer 28

lipid

Question 29

subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 29

nucleotide

Question 30

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Answer 30

nucleic acid

Question 31

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Answer 31

protein

Question 32

compound with an amino group on 1 end and a carbon group on the other end

Answer 32

amino acid

Question 33

process that changes/transforms 1 set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 33

chemical reaction

Question 34

elements/compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Answer 34

reactant

Question 35

elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Answer 35

product

Question 36

energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Answer 36

activation energy

Question 37

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 37

catalyst

Question 38

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 38

enzyme

Question 39

reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 39

substrate