Chapter 11-13

Question 1

What percentage of the world is made up of water

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

What percentage of the Northern Hemisphere is made up of water

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

What percentage of the Southern Hemisphere is made up of water

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

How long is the mid-ocean ridge

Answer 4

65,000 km

Question 5

What are the characteristics of passive continental edges?

Answer 5

canyons and rivers

Question 6

What do turbidity fans come from

Answer 6

turbidity flows

Question 7

What do passive margins result in

Answer 7

submerged coastlines

Question 8

What can generally develop a turbidity current

Answer 8

earthquakes

Question 9

what releases from the mid-ocean ridge that attracts animals

Answer 9

black smoke that filled with nutrients

Question 10

Photoic zone

Answer 10

top 300 feet of water and the only area where sunlight will penetrate

Question 11

aphotic zone

Answer 11

area after the photoic zone where the sunlight will not penetrate

Question 12

what is at the top of the photic zone and has the highest concentration of sunlight

Answer 12

euphotic zone

Question 13

What is the name for an animal that is a bottom dweller/ bottom feeder

Answer 13

Benthic

Question 14

what is the bottom-most part of the ocean called

Answer 14

abyssal plain

Question 15

diatoms

Answer 15

a prehistoric animal that still exists today that has over 200,000 species

Question 16

Copepods

Answer 16

the primary food of whales (think nemo)

Question 17

when is the highest production of phytoplankton

Answer 17

between march and april

Question 18

are coral reefs plants or animals

Answer 18

animals

Question 19

What do coral reefs do to islands

Answer 19

they grab onto them, slowly dragging them into the sea

Question 20

spring tides

Answer 20

• occur when the moon and sun are aligned with a particular side of the Earth
• much more pronounced than neap

Question 21

Neap tides

Answer 21

the main influence is the moon only

Question 22

which types of currents come in at an angle and move things down the beach

Answer 22

longshore currents

Question 23

What is the most common gas in the air

Answer 23

nitrogen

Question 24

the bottom level of the atmosphere

Answer 24

troposphere

Question 25

2nd level of the atmosphere

Answer 25

stratosphere

Question 26

3rd level of the atmosphere

Answer 26

mesosphere

Question 27

top level of the atmosphere

Answer 27

thermosphere

Question 28

what is melting

Answer 28

Solid→ liquid

Question 29

what is sublimation

Answer 29

Solid → gas

Question 30

what is freezing

Answer 30

liquid→ solid

Question 31

what is evaporation

Answer 31

liquid → gas

Question 32

What is condensation

Answer 32

gas → liquid

Question 33

what is deposition

Answer 33

gas → solid

Question 34

what are all the types of clouds

Answer 34

cirrus, cumulus, altostratus, stratus, stratocumulus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus, cumulonimbus, altocumulus

Question 35

where is tornado valley

Answer 35

all through the midwets

Question 36

The Coriolis effect

Answer 36

the result of Earth’s rotation on weather patterns and ocean currents. The Coriolis effect makes storms swirl clockwise in the Southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere

Question 37

how do waves form

Answer 37

Waves are most commonly caused by wind

Question 38

foraminifera

Answer 38

Because different species of foraminifera are found in different environments, paleontologists can use the fossils to determine environments in the past. Foraminifera have been used to map past distributions of the tropics, locate ancient shorelines, and track global ocean temperature changes during the ice ages.

Question 39

what type of marine animal is a whale

Answer 39

cetacean