chapter 11

Question 1

input

Answer 1

entering data into a system

Question 2

process

Answer 2

manipulate or change data in some way, perform a calculation, find a result

Question 3

output

Answer 3

send data out from the system, display or print data

Question 4

variable

Answer 4

a variable is a storage location with an identifier. the value of the variable can change.

Question 5

constant

Answer 5

a constant is a named storage location. the value of the constant can not change.

Question 6

types of loops

Answer 6

count controlled
pre-condition
post-condition

Question 7

count-controlled loop

Answer 7

Iterates a set number of times. A FOR loop.

Question 8

post-conditional loop

Answer 8

a post-conditional loop must run at least once. the condition is evaluated at the end. A REPEAT…UNTIL loop

Question 9

pre-conditional loop

Answer 9

the pre-conditional loop doesn’t always run. this evaluates the condition at the start. A WHILE loop

Question 10

logic statement examples

Answer 10

1. IF…THEN…ELSE…ENDIF
2. CASE OF…OTHERWISE…ENDCASE

Question 11

CASE statement

Answer 11

a selection of multiple pathways
each condition can be:
* a single value
* single values separated by commas
* range

CASE OF <expression>
<value1>: <statement(s)>
<value2>, <value3>: <statements(s)>
<value4> to <value5>: <statement(s)>
OTHERWISE <statement(s)> //optional; used for error trapping
ENDCASE</value5></value4></value3></value2></value1></expression>

Question 12

modular programming

Answer 12

process of subdividing a computer program into separate sub-programs.

Question 13

modules

Answer 13

separate software component

Question 14

subroutine

Answer 14

a set of instructions that performs a specific task as part of a larger program.

Question 15

procedure

Answer 15

a subroutine that doesn’t return a value

PROCEDURE <identifier> (<parameter1>: <dataType> …)
<statement(s)>
ENDPROCEDURE</dataType></parameter1></identifier>

CALL <identifier></identifier>

Question 16

function

Answer 16

a subroutine that returns a value

FUNCTION <identifier (<parameter1>: <dataType> …) RETURNS dataType
<statement(s)>
ENDFUNCTION</dataType></parameter1>

call ← identifier()

Question 17

types of passing parameters

Answer 17

by value and by reference

Question 18

by value

Answer 18

a copy of the value is passed into the subroutine. the actual variable will not be affected.

BYVAL <identifier1> : <dataType></dataType></identifier1>

(inside heading) BYVAL <identifier1> : <dataType></dataType></identifier1>

Question 19

by reference

Answer 19

a pointer to the memory location of the variable where the value is stored is passed into the subroutine. the actual data inside the variable will be affected by any changes made.

BYREF <identifier1> : <dataType></dataType></identifier1>

(inside heading) BYREF <identifier1> : <dataType></dataType></identifier1>