Chapter 11-14

Question 1

a system for describing plots of agricultural land; plot boundaries were described using relative location and relative distance for small and large area of land

Answer 1

meters and bounds

Question 2

a large commercial farm that specializes in one crop

Answer 2

plantation agriculture

Question 3

the “birthplace” of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world

Answer 3

agricultural hearth

Question 4

a process by which human engineering techniques are used to change the DNA of seed in order to increase yield, resistant disease, and withstand pesticides

Answer 4

GMO’s

Question 5

primary goal: to grow enough food/raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and their family

Answer 5

subsistence agriculture

Question 6

a system for creating plots of agricultural land; rectangular plots of consistent size , 6 miles long and 6 miles wide

Answer 6

township and range system

Question 7

the origin of farming marked by the domestication of plants and animals, specifically for food, and the independent innovation of crops and animals in multiple agricultural hearths

Answer 7

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

Question 8

farmers or ranches use miminimum amounts of inputs (energy, fertilizers, labor, machines resulting in less yield

Answer 8

extensive agriculture

Question 9

the geographic distance that milk can be delivered in related to where it is produced

Answer 9

milk shed

Question 10

money invested in land, equipment, and machines

Answer 10

capital

Question 11

began in the 1700’s and used industrial advancements, such as the mechanization of farm tools, to increase the food supply and support population growth

Answer 11

British Agricultural Revolution

Question 12

a form of subsistence extensive agriculture where famers grow crops on one piece of land until it loses fertility and then moves to another piece of land for planting

Answer 12

shifting cultivation

Question 13

planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil

Answer 13

crop rotation

Question 14

primary goal: to grow enough food/raise enough livestock to sell for profit

Answer 14

commercial agriculture

Question 15

began in the 1950s and used science and technology to increase food supply through the hybridization of Crops, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the development of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Answer 15

green agricultural revolution

Question 16

growing fruits and vegetables near and urban area to be sold to local suppliers, stores, and restaurants

Answer 16

market gardening

Question 17

the global movement of plants and animals, across the Atlantic Ocean, between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Answer 17

the Columbian Exchange

Question 18

farmers or ranchers use large amounts of inputs (energy, fertilizers, labor machines) to maximize agricultural yields

Answer 18

intensive agriculture

Question 19

agriculture that is practiced in regions with hot, dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some form of irrigation

Answer 19

Mediterranean agriculture

Question 20

a system for creating plots of agricultural land; long, thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river

Answer 20

French long-lots system

Question 21

a form of subsistence extensive agriculture practiced in arid and semi-arid climates throughout the world

Answer 21

pastoral nomadism

Question 22

confined spaces where Cattle and hogs have limited movement to enable animals to grow bigger in shorter periods of time

Answer 22

feedlotf

Question 23

flat, featureless land with a consistent climate and soil fertility

Answer 23

isotropic plain

Question 24

continuous monoculture; only growing one type of crop or raising one type of animal year after year

Answer 24

monocropping

Question 25

a capital-intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, and bred and fed in a controlled environment

Answer 25

factory farming

Question 26

naturally occurring, beneficial conditions that would prompt farmers to plant crops in a specific way or in a specific place

Answer 26

comparative advantge

Question 27

only one type of crop is grown or one type of animal is raised preseason on a piece of land

Answer 27

monoculture

Question 28

all of the steps required to get a product or a service from its point of origin to consumers

Answer 28

supply chain

Question 29

public financial support to farmers to safeguard food prodduction

Answer 29

subsidies

Question 30

the idea that the closer to land is to an urban center the more valuable (and expensive) it will be

Answer 30

bid-rent theory

Question 31

when one business owns (or is involved in) most or all of the steps of production of a good, from raw materials to final commercial product

Answer 31

vertical integration

Question 32

an effort to promote higher incomes for producers and sustainable farming practices

Answer 32

fair trade movement

Question 33

a type of intensive farming where fish, shellfish, and/or water plants are raised in netted areas in the sea or in tanks

Answer 33

aquafarming

Question 34

transportation networks that food cold throughout the trip

Answer 34

cool chains

Question 35

a system where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land

Answer 35

free-market economy

Question 36

the process of planting and harvesting a crop two or more times per year on the same piece of land

Answer 36

free-market economy

Question 37

the idea that people will choose a certain location to produce a specific good or service to ensure the highest market value (highest rent) and the maximum net profit

Answer 37

location theory