Chapter 11

Question 0

Cell body

Answer 0

Integrates information received from other neurons, transmits integrated information to its own axon hillock

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Receive stimuli from environment or other neurons

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Carries information toward other cells-neurons, gland cells, muscle cells, adipocytes

Question 3

Axon hillock

Answer 3

Wider area attached to a cell body

Question 4

Initial segment

Answer 4

Specific site on an axon hillock

Question 5

Axolemma

Answer 5

Axon’s plasma membrane

Question 6

Axoplasm

Answer 6

Axon’s cytoplasm

Question 7

Collateral branches

Answer 7

Branches along the axon that allow neuron to communicate with multiple cells

Question 8

Telodendria

Answer 8

Fine branches at end of axon

Question 9

Synaptic terminals

Answer 9

✔️Ends of telodendria
✔️Small knobs
✔️Release neurotransmitters toward target cells

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

Specialized site of communication between neuron and another cell

Question 11

Presynaptic cell

Answer 11

Usually a neuron, presynaptic membrane releases neurotransmitters by exocytosis from synaptic vesicles

Question 12

Synaptic cleft

Answer 12

Narrow spaces between pre and post synaptic cells

Question 13

Post synaptic cell

Answer 13

Neuron, gland, or muscle

Post synaptic membrane contains receptors for neurotransmitters c

Question 14

Very limited regeneration in the CNS

Answer 14

Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord lack centrioles and cannot divide

Question 15

In adults, neural stem cells exist but are mostly inactive but exceptions are:

Answer 15

Olfactory epithelium
Retina of eye
Hippocampus

Question 16

CNS

Answer 16

Brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Anaxonic neurons

Answer 17

✔️cell processes look alike
✔️brain and special sense organs
✔️poorly understood

Question 18

Bipolar neurons

Answer 18

1 axon
1 dendritic process
Eyes, ears, olfactory epithelium

Question 19

Unipolar neurons

Answer 19

Dendrites and axon are continuous
Cell body lies to side
Initial segment where dendrite conv.
Most sensory of PNS

Question 20

Multipolar neurons

Answer 20

Multiple dendritic processes
One axon
Carries motor info from CNS to PNS
Most common type in CNS

Question 21

Sensory neurons

Answer 21

Send info from PNS to CNS
Cell body in PNS
Unipolar, bipolar

Question 22

Interneurons

Answer 22

Integrate info

Cells entirely located in CNS

Question 23

Motor neurons

Answer 23

Send info from CNS to peripheral target tissues

Cell body located in CNS

Question 24

Afferent

Answer 24

Input/incoming

Question 25

Fiber

Answer 25

Axon

Question 26

Efferent

Answer 26

Output/exit

Question 27

Sensory neurons

Answer 27

Afferent Unipolar, rare bipolar Sensory axons=afferent fibers

Question 28

Interneurons

Answer 28

Multipolar Only in CNS, where integrate info Brain has billions

Question 29

Motor neurons

Answer 29

Efferent Multipolar Motor axons=efferent fibers

Question 30

Interneurons

Answer 30

Electrical bridges

Question 31

Sensory receptors are responsible for:

Answer 31

Monitoring information

Question 32

Sensory receptors are:

Answer 32

Dendrites of sensory neurons or cells monitored by sensory neurons

Question 33

Interoceptors

Answer 33

Monitor info inside body | Ex: blood pressure, taste, pain

Question 34

Proprioceptors

Answer 34

Monitor body position, movement of joints and muscles

Question 35

Exteroceptors

Answer 35

Monitor external info | Ex: touch, temp, light, sound, scent

Question 36

Somatic

Answer 36

One thing

Question 37

Visceral

Answer 37

All other targets | Two muscle types, adipose, glands

Question 38

Somatic sensory neurons

Answer 38

Unipolar | Use exteroreceptors and proprioreceptors

Question 39

Visceral sensory neurons

Answer 39

Unipolar | Use interoreceptors

Question 40

Somatic motor neurons

Answer 40

Send info to skeletal muscle ONLY

Question 41

Visceral motor neurons

Answer 41

Send info to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose

Question 42

Neuroglia=glial cells

Answer 42

Support and protect neurons Abundant and diverse Capable of mitosis/dividing *why most primary brain rumors are gliomas(not neuronal)

Question 43

4 types of neuroglia in CNS

Answer 43

Ependymal cells Microglia A strictures Oligodendrocytes

Question 44

Ependymal cells

Answer 44

✔️Form epithelial lining of CSF-filled spaces ✔️Help produce CSF ✔️Use cilia to circulate CSF

Question 45

Microglia

Answer 45

✔️Phagocytic | ✔️Remove cellular debris, waste, pathogens

Question 46

Astrocytes

Answer 46

``` Blood-brain barrier ✔️structural support between neurons and capillaries ✔️regulate composition of ECF ✔️absorb and recycle neurotransmitters ✔️form scar tissue ```

Question 47

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 47

Stabilize positions of axons | Myelinate axons

Question 48

Myelin

Answer 48

Lipid-rich wrapping=myelin sheath

Question 49

Myelin functions to:

Answer 49

Insulates axon | Speeds impulse transmission

Question 50

White matter of CNS is made of:

Answer 50

Myelinated axons

Question 51

Gray matter of CNS contains

Answer 51

Neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

Question 52

Neuroglia of PNS

Answer 52

Schwann cells | Satellite cells

Question 53

Schwann cells (PNS)

Answer 53

Surround most peripheral axons | Cover myelinated and unmyelinated axons

Question 54

Surface of Schwann cells

Answer 54

Neurilemma

Question 55

Satellite cells (PNS)

Answer 55

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia Provide structural support Regulate ECF

Question 56

Ganglia

Answer 56

Clusters of cell bodies in PNS

Question 57

Repair of damaged axon in PNS

Answer 57

Axon and myelin degenerate Schwann cells proliferate Axon grows along path Schwann cells wrap elongating axon