Lecture Chapter 3 Section 3

Question 0

Permeability

Answer 0

Membrane characteristic that determines which substances can pass through

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Phospholipid bilayer
Contains integral proteins
Barrier separating ECF and cytoskeleton

Question 2

Selectively permeable

Answer 2

Plasma membrane allows some, but not all, substances to pass

Question 3

Selective permeability is based on:

Answer 3

Characteristics of substance

Features of the membrane

Question 4

Characteristics of substances

Answer 4

Size and shape
Electric charge
Lipid solubility

Question 5

Features of membranes

Answer 5

Types of integral proteins present

Ex: receptors, channels, pumps

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

Passive, movement of a substance along its concentration gradient-higher to lower

Question 7

Why diffusion?

Answer 7

Continuous random movements (due to kinetic energy) and collisions of particles

Question 8

Equilibrated substance

Answer 8

Random movement, no net movement

Question 9

Types of membrane transport

Answer 9

1. Passive transport

2. Active transport

Question 10

Passive transport

Answer 10

Does not require ATP
Diffusion and osmosis
Carrier-mediated➡️ion channel

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Requires ATP
Vesicular transport
Carrier-mediated➡️pump

Question 12

How do ion channels get there name?

Answer 12

The ion they let through

Question 13

Diffusion rates are directly related to:

Answer 13

Temperature

Size of concentration gradient

Question 14

Diffusion rates are inversely related to:

Answer 14

Distance of diffusion

Molecular size of substance

Question 15

Electrical forces

Answer 15

Attraction: can accelerate diffusion
Repulsion: can reduce diffusion

Question 16

How would a decrease in the oxygen concentration in lungs affect the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

Answer 16

It would slow down the rate

Question 17

Movement across lipid portion

Answer 17

No protein needed

Oxygen, Carbon, and lipid-soluble

Question 18

Movement through protein channels

Answer 18

Water, ions, and small water-soluble molecules

Question 19

Movement using other proteins

Answer 19

Large molecules

Question 20

Water and solutes diffuse freely in:

Answer 20

ECF

Question 21

Osmolarity
aka
Osmotic concentration

Answer 21

Total solute concentration of the solution

Question 22

Tonicity

Answer 22

Effect of the solution on cell volume

Question 23

Tonicity depends on:

Answer 23

Solution’s osmotic concentration and permeability of solutes

Question 24

3 types of tonicity

Answer 24

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic *extracellular compared to cytosol

Question 25

What matters to tonicity

Answer 25

of particles, not solute type

Question 26

Solutions that have different osmotic concentration create a situation for:

Answer 26

Osmosis

Question 27

Isotonic

Answer 27

No osmotic flow, no osmotic flow | RBC: stay same

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

Causes osmotic flow into cell, cells swell and lyse/burst | RBC: hemolysis

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

Causes osmotic flow out of cell, cells shrink | RBC: shrinks, crenation

Question 30

Water chases

Answer 30

Solutes

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane Higher to lower concentration Passive

Question 32

0.9% Normal saline

Answer 32

Isotonic solution

Question 33

Carrier-mediated transport

Answer 33

Protein helping | Hydrophilic or large molecules transported across cell membrane by carrier proteins

Question 34

3 types of carrier-mediated transport

Answer 34

1. Facilitated diffusion 2. Active transport 3. Secondary active transport

Question 35

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

Passive, no ATP

Question 36

Active transport

Answer 36

Requires ATP, K pump

Question 37

Secondary active transport

Answer 37

Indirectly requires ATP

Question 38

Active transport | Part II, pump

Answer 38

Leakage Always pumping ATP being used 3 sodium out

Question 39

Movement of a substance in secondary active transport

Answer 39

Depend on expending ATP in another process

Question 40

3 types of endocytosis

Answer 40

1. Receptor-mediated endocytosis 2. Pinocytosis 3. Phagocytosis

Question 41

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 41

Ligand binds receptor | Membrane invaginates, forms vesicle, and receptor-ligand complex is internalized

Question 42

Pinocytosis

Answer 42

Cell drinking | Vesicles form at membrane, taking in ECF

Question 43

Phagocytosis

Answer 43

*white blood cell membrane surrounds bacteria forming vesicle that is internalized. Contents are digested

Question 44

Exocytosis

Answer 44

Vesicular transport out of the cell | Ex: hormones, sweat, waste