Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is the signal molecule called?
Ligand
What does the signal molecule bind to?
The receptor
What are the three steps of cell signaling?
Reception, Transduction, and Response
What are the three main types of membrane receptors?
G protein coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, and ion channel receptors
where does phosphorylation happen in tyrosine kinase receptors?
In its cytoplasmic tail
What makes the tyrosine a dimer?
When two ligand bonds to two adjacent receptors, they bind together to make a dimer
What is needed for phosphorylation?
Protein kinase
Where are intercellular receptors found?
In cytoplasm or nucleus
What do intercellular receptors do?
activates receptors and helps with gene expression
What are the 2 common second messengers?
Cyclic AMP and Calcium ions
What are second messengers for?
quickens the process
What is cAMP?
AMP that is bound with cyclase
What changes AMP to cAMP?
Phosphodiesterase
What is referred to as cell death?
Apoptosis
What are the four aspects of signal regulation?
Amplification of the signal, specificity of the response, efficiency of response, and termination of the signal
