Chapter 11 Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are all organisms made up of
All organisms are made up single celled organisms
Such as protists and bacteria
There are also multicellular organisms
Such as us
What is the cell theory
All living organisms are made up one or more cells
Smallest living organisms are single cells , and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
All cells come from pre -exisiting cells
What are the two types of cells
Prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles ,small ,no nucleus (genetic material in nucleoide)
eukaryotic cells-larger , have a nucleus , have membrane bound organelles
What are the sizes of cells
Bacteria=1-5 um in Diameter
Eukaryotic cells=10-100 um in Diameter
Do larger organisms have larger cells
Nope they just have more cells
What are the basic components of a cell
1)plasma membrane
2)DNA =genetic info
3)cytoplasm
4)ribosomes
What are the three levels organisms can be placed in
Domain bacteria,domain archea and domain eukarya
How are cells studied
They’re studied with microscopes, most commonly used microscope in the lab is light microscope
1)Bright field microscope
2)dark field microscope
3)phase contrast
4)Fluorence microscope
What are most modern microscopes classified as
They’re classified as compound microscopes and that means they have several lenses in combination to make images bigger
What are bright feild microscopes used for
Looking at dead stained cells
One will see a dark object in front of a bright background
(For living dark feild or contrast)
What are electron microscopes
Use electrons as the source of illumination
What are the two different types of microscopes
1)transmission microscope=forms an image from electrons transmitted from specimen(inside)
2)scanning electron microscope =forms an image from electrons that are deflected from the speciemens other surface (used to look at surface topology of a cell )
What are the strengths of electron microscopes
1)magnification is greater
Light microscope=100x
Electron microscope= 100,000x
What is the weaknesses of electron microscopes
Can’t look at living speciemen, specimen prep is time-consuming and difficult
And the instrument operations need a lot of technical expertise
Machine is large and expensive
What is an organelle
A membrane enclosed structure that has some specialized function for the eukaryotic cell
Examples:
1)golgi
2)endoplasmic reticulum
3)mitochondria
What is the endomembrane system
A collection of membranes inside and surrounding the cell
-this allows for compartmilization inside of a cell
What are the 7 components of the endomembrane system
1)Nuclear envelope
2)lysosomes
3)plasma membrane
4)golgi apparatus
5)vesicles
6)vacuoles
7)endoplasmic reticulum
How are the 7 components of the endo system connected
Related by direct physical continuity
And by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles between them
What structures do plants and animal cells share?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Golgi
What are found in animal cells but not plants?
Flagella,centrosomes,lysosomes(hydrolytic enzymes that take waste outta the cell)
Plant cells but not animal cells?
Central vacuole ,chloroplasts and cell wall
What do animals not have
Cell wall however do produce something that forms outside the plasma membrane
What is the outside layer of the animal cell called
Extracellular matrix
Consists of protein fibers
Most abundant protein found in the ECM os collagen(protein that plays a role in structure )
What is collagen embedded in?
Proteogylcon complex
