Chapter15 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Where is pyruvate transported ?
Across the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria
2x pyruvate
What happens before the citric acid cycle ?
Pyruvate converts into acetyl CoA and also produces one co2 and one NADH
Prior to the cycle what does each molecule of glucose contain ?
4 NADH (2 from Glycolsis and 2 from doorway)
2CO2 ( both from the conversion of the 2 pyruvate)
2 ATP( glycolysis )
2 acetyl CoA
How many times does the citric acid cycle go around for each glucose Mlcl?
2 times out
Produces 2 ATP
6NADH
2FADH2
4CO2
WHAT ARE THE TWO IMPORTANT PRODUCTS
NADH AND FADH2
After the citric acid cycle how many NADH have been made and how many FADH2
6 NADH2
2 FADH2
What do FADH2 and NADH have ?
They carry high energy electrons with potential energy
This stores energy is used to start atp synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation
What happens after NADH and FADH2 have the electrons ?
The electrons are transferred from one electron to another carrier to another in a stepwise fashion
Until the electrons combine O2 with H+
To form H2O
What is the electron transfer chain ?
The series of transfers of electrons to electron carriers
What are electron carriers made of
multiprotein complexes that have prosthetic groups(no protein components) that are found int he inner membrane of the mitochondrian
What happens when electrons are transferred from one carrier to another?
One becomes oxidized and the Carrier that accepts the electrons becomes reduced
The reduced carrier than donates the electrons to the next chain where it will be oxidized
What is oxidatative phosphorylation ?
The process by which atp is made from energy released by the electron transport chain
What does OP use?
Redox Rxns in an electron transport chain to produce the energy needed to attach Pi it ADP to make ATP
What is the enzyme that makes ADP into ATP?
ATP synthase
What is the reaction that makes atp from ADP ?
The reaction is endergonic and the ion gradient of H + that exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane gives the cell the energy
How is the H+ gradient generated ?
By the ETC
When electrons are transferred from one carrier to the next a small amount of energy is released
It is the energy that is used to pump the H+ across the membrane from the matrix to the inter membrane space by ec
What do the electrons pick up and release when they pick up electrons
Release protons
What is the proton motive force ?
The H+ gradient that exists
After movement into the intermembrane space there is now an electrochemical difference across the inner membrane
How does H+ diffuse across the membrane ?
Can’t diffuse on its own because its an ion
Passes through the channels made by atp synthase
The atp synthase utilizes the PMF to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP
How is the energy derived from the redox reactions of cellular respiration used?
To attach Pi to ADP to make ATP
What is an example for chemical work
Making atp with the energy source of the proton gradient made by the electron transport chain
What is chemiosomosis
An energy coupling mechanism that makes use for a proton gradient to drive cellular work
What is An example of chemiosomosis
Mitochondria make use of chemiosomosis to do chemical work (make atp)
Plants make use of chemiosomosis to transfer molecules (proton pump)
Bacteria = makes use of the chemiosomosis I it rotate flagell
What is the maximum yield of ATP obtained in cellular respiration per glucose mlcl?
30-32 molecules atp
