Chapter 11

Question 1

made up of cells, tissues, and organs

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormone

Answer 2

endocrine glands

Question 3

diffuse into bloodstream to act on specific target cells

Answer 3

hormones

Question 4

secretes products into ducts, outside the internal environment, (sweat glands, sebaceous glands, glands that secret digestive jucies)

Answer 4

exocrine glands

Question 5

secrete hormones into body fluids to affect target cells

Answer 5

endocrine glands

Question 6

liposoluble so they can pass through cell membranes, act directly on DNA of cell to generate effeect

Answer 6

steriods

Question 7

produced from amino acids, cannot directly enter cells, bind to receptors on cells surface acting as first messenger causing a second one to be released

Answer 7

nonsteroids

Question 8

what feedback are most hormones released?

Answer 8

negative feedback

Question 9

attached to and controlled by hypothalamus

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

control by hypothalamus, releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus control the secretion from

Answer 10

anterior pituitary

Question 11

stimulated body cells to grow and reproduce

Answer 11

growth hormone

Question 12

promotes milk production

Answer 12

prolactin

Question 13

controls the secretion of hormones from thyproid

Answer 13

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 14

controls the secretion of certain hormones from adrenal cortex

Answer 14

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone after the male (testes) and female (ovaries) gonads

Answer 15

gonadotropins

Question 16

stores hormones made by the hypothalamus, controlled by hypothalamus, releases these hormones in the blood in response to nerve impulses from hypothalamus

Answer 16

posterior pituitary

Question 17

hormones in the anterior pituitary gland,

Answer 17

growth, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, FSH AND LH

Question 18

hormones in the posterior pituitary

Answer 18

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin,) oxytocin (OT)

Question 19

causes the kidneys to conserve water and reduce amount of water in urine

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone

Question 20

plays role in childbirth by contacting muscles in the uterine wall and in mile letdown by forcing milk into ducts, controlled by positive feedback

Answer 20

oxytocin

Question 21

located below the laryx, two lobes

Answer 21

thyroid gland

Question 22

what are the hormones in the thyroid gland

Answer 22

Thyroxine (T4 or tetraiodothyronine) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 23

regulate metabolism of carbs, lipids and proteins, increases the rate at which cells release energy from crabs, enhance protein synthesis and stimulate breakdown and mobilization of lipids

Answer 23

T4,T3

Question 24

lowers blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions when they are too high, increases calcium deposition in bones by inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulating osteoblast

Answer 24

calcitonion

Question 25

increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion concentration, stimulates bone resportion by osteoclasts, which releases calcium into blood

Answer 25

Parathyroid hormones

Question 26

controlled by negative feedback and 2 antagonistic horomes

Answer 26

calcium homeostasis

Question 27

what increases blood calcium when it is too low?

Answer 27

PTH

Question 28

what decreases blood calcium when it is to high?

Answer 28

calcitonin

Question 29

sit atop of the kidneys

Answer 29

adrenal glands

Question 30

this is the inner part, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine into bloodstream, effects resemble flight or fight effects of sympathetic nervous system,

Answer 30

adrenal medulla

Question 31

outer layer, of adrenal gland

Answer 31

adrenal cortex

Question 32

helps regulate mineral/electrolyte balance, causes the kidneys to conserve sodium ions and thus water to excrete potassium ions

Answer 32

aldosterone

Question 33

aldosterone is screted in response to () blood volume and pressure

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

regulates glucose metabolism and promotes use of fatty acids for energy over glucose and promise live to generate new glucose

Answer 34

cortisol

Question 35

these hormones control level of blood glucose

Answer 35

pancreatic hormones

Question 36

secrets hormones as an endocrine gland and digestive juice into tract as exocrine glands

Answer 36

pancreas

Question 37

two hormones of pancrease

Answer 37

glucagon and insulin

Question 38

releases from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, increases the blood level of glucose by stimulating breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver, low blood glucose level simulcasts this secretion

Answer 38

glucagon

Question 39

decreases the blood level of glucose by stimulating the liver to form glycogen, promotes facilitate diffusion of glucose into cells, stimulates adipose cells to store fat, controlled by negative feedback, high blood glucose stimulates the release

Answer 39

insulin

Question 40

a metabolic disease due to lack of insulin or inability of cells to recognize insulin

Answer 40

diabetes mellitus

Question 41

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 41

lack of insulin

Question 42

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

Not enough insulin, life style, overweight

Question 43

located near the upper portion of the thalamus in the brain, secretes melatonin

Answer 43

pineal gland

Question 44

lies between the lungs behind the sternum, largest in children, secretes thymosin

Answer 44

thymus gland